The Battle of Conformity Essays - 1017 Words

The Battle of Conformity In literature, there are four main types of conflicts: man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society and, the toughest one of them all, man vs. himself. In the novels The Kite Runner by Kahled Hosseini and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, both of the main characters have large conflicts with themselves. They battle with their conscience to figure out what’s right and what’s wrong. â€Å"So [they] beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past† (Fitzgerald 189). I see this battle every day in the high school world. There is always someone who breaks under peer pressure even though that person knows it is wrong. It’s the battle of conformity. The narrator of The Kite Runner, Amir,†¦show more content†¦He impressed his father when he was little by kite fighting, but when he grew older he stopped conforming and focused on his true passion: writing. Even though he had been a victim of conformity, he was able to stand u p for himself and take a hold of what he wanted to do in life. This shows that even if peer pressure dominates a person’s life, they can still turn things around and head in the right direction. While Amir struggles with conforming to Baba, Nick, the main character in Fitzgerald’s well-known novel, The Great Gatsby, struggles with conforming to society. He finds it hard to do what is right when everyone around him is stuck in the muck of immorality. He is submerged into this world of drunken parties and promiscuous spouses; he doesn’t know what to do. Throughout the book, Nick observes and participates in illegal alcohol consumption at the many parties he attends. He realizes that it is all wrong and he should stop it, but he decides it would be better to simply fit in. Nick also witnesses his friend, Tom, cheat on his wife, Daisy, and later on in the novel Daisy turns around and cheats on Tom. He doesn’t know whether to intervene or to just let it play itself out like a day-time soap opera. This is one of the main conflicts he deals with throughout the book and plays a large role in his personality. He is willing to conform toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Co nformity and Rebellion834 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Lead or Follow† Should I conform? Should I rebel? This has and always will be, a constant battle struggled individually, or as a society. A certain amount of conformity needs to exist in life in order to avoid disorder. This is the reason we have laws. Take those laws, rules, control, or even expectations, to an extreme, and some form of rebellion is probable. Struggle with these opposites, and you have a catalyst for war, or perhaps, being fired from a job. Literature represents life, andRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Freedom569 Words   |  3 Pagesillustrate to us the hardships and rigorous tasks undertaken to give us our freedom. At a time many of our forefathers took up arms and faced the forces of oppression for our freedom. They entered battles in which they were victorious and prevailed over oppression. They entered battles that went horribly awry and were defeated. However, their actions are not another blank page in a book. Their actions have been inked, remembered, and praised. For instance, the Iraqi insurgencyRead More Babbit by Sinclair Lewis Essays1737 Words   |  7 Pages Babbitt: Conformity In the Sinclair Lewis novel Babbitt, the character of Babbitt is completely controlled by the power of conformity. Conformity is so powerful that even after babbitt realizes the stifling nature of the society in which he lives he is powerless to change his fate as a member of conformist society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;George F. Babbitt is a man who is completely controlled by the conformist society in which he lives. Pressure to conform lies in all aspects of BabbittsRead MoreEssay On Chris Mccandless969 Words   |  4 Pagesan individual’s purpose is to be unique and to avoid being conformed by civilization. Ralph Waldo Emerson views a persons purpose as to not conform, however he advises to be well versed in a vast majority of areas, both of these authors view non-conformity as the most important trait a person may have and view civilization as evil. Chris McCandless was a young man who desired an adventurous and exciting life, not to be held down from civilization’s restraints and social norms. In addition, ChrisRead MoreSocial Loafing And Conformity Within Teams746 Words   |  3 Pagesteams have a list of negatives also associated with them. A few examples are general dysfunction and disagreement, longer decision-making processes, and social loafing (Fischer, 2012). This paper will address the presence of social loafing and conformity within teams. The Problem Statement: Young Life Volunteer Team Young Life (YL) is a Christian, nondenominational organization that shares the gospel with students of all ages (high school, middle school, college aged, teen moms, andRead MoreThe Invisible Man Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesaround them in order to be accepted, however it is the individual actions and how the individual chooses to conform that creates their unique identity and place within that society. Ralph Ellison published the novel that follows a sense of outward conformity and obedience to an established order while at the same time invoking an inward questioning of the roles an individual plays within such an order. The main character is forced to conform to the clichà © laws and expectations of the laws and expectationsRead MoreTranscendentalism In Peter Weirs Dead Poet Society1017 Words   |  5 PagesTranscendentalism is artistic movement that values inspiration and individuality, it focuses on shying away from societal conformity, valuing intuition instead of reason and logic. The Dead Poets Society follows the lives of seven high schoolers and their English teacher, Mr. Keating, while they battle the social conformity expected within their prestigious school, versus expressing their individuality and true feelings. With the help of their teacher, Knox and Neil learn to think differently andRead MoreCharacteristics Of The American Dream1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdismays of communism still new in everybodys brain, Americans were anxious to come back to their foundations and demonstrate that the American lifestyle was the ideal approach to living. The period momentously merits its reputation as a decade of conformity, political consensus and economic prosperity. However, the hypocritical pattern of racial discrimination continued and millions of minorities were reduced to low paying labor intensive jobs no one else wanted to do. Post war economic prosperityRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Conformyit1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe advantages and disadvantages of conformity. The New Zealand Oxford dictionary defines conformity as accordance with established practise and agreement suitability. Conformity comes with many advantages and disadvantages. Conformity exists so people don’t feel left out. It also comes with many dangers such as losing your logic and forgetting whether what you’re doing is good or bad. An advantage of conformity is feeling that you’re not alone. You feel accepted and a part of a group where willRead MoreThe Idea Of Conformity Vs. Non Conformity Emerges1601 Words   |  7 Pages The idea of conformity vs. non-conformity emerges in the American issue for generations as the opposing views on this concept exemplify diverse consequences in choosing which path to follow. In the genre of one’s journey west toward self-discovery, On the Road by Jack Kerouac, written in April 1951 illustrates the journey of him and his friend’s across America in the post war beat generation, as they counteracted the societal norms of that time in order to discover his own true individuality.

Profile of Murder Victim Carlie Brucia

On Sunday, February 1, 2004, in Sarasota, Florida, 11-year-old Carlie Jane Brucia was on her way home from a sleepover at her friends house. Her stepfather Steve Kansler left to pick her up en route but never found her. Carlie had decided to cut through a carwash not far from her home. She was approached by a man and led away, never to be seen alive again. The surveillance camera at the carwash showed a man in a uniform-type shirt approaching Carlie, saying something to her, and then leading her away. NASA, using technology employed in the investigation of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, assisted the investigation by working with the video to enhance the image. The FBI also worked to help find Carlie and the man who abducted her. Responding to tips, Sarasota police questioned Joseph P. Smith, who had been in their custody on an unrelated parole violation since the day after Carlie was abducted. A woman who said she lived with Smith was one of the tipsters. Smith refused to admit to any involvement with Carlies disappearance. On February 6, it was announced that Carlies body had been found. She had been murdered and left in a church parking lot just miles from her home. History of Kidnapping Smith, a 37-year-old car mechanic and father of three who had been arrested in Florida at least 13 times since 1993 and previously had been charged with kidnapping and false imprisonment, was taken into custody as the main suspect in Carlies murder. On February 20, Smith was indicted on a charge of first-degree murder; separate charges of kidnapping and capital sexual battery were filed by the state attorneys office. Trial During the trial, the jury saw the carwash videotape and heard testimony from witnesses who said they recognized Smith when they saw the video on television. The video also revealed tattoos on Smiths arm, which were identified during the trial. Evidence was presented that identified semen found on the girls clothes as matching Smiths DNA. The jury also heard testimony from Smiths brother John Smith, who led police to Carlies body after his brother confessed the crime to him during a jail visit. He told jurors that his brother said he had rough sex with the 11-year-old girl before he strangled her to death. He also  testified that he had recognized his brother in the videotape that pictured Carlie being lead away by a man behind a car wash. Closing Arguments In his closing statement, prosecutor Craig Schaeffer reminded jurors of the videotape showing Smith leading Carlie away, of Smiths DNA being found on her shirt, and of taped admissions that he killed her. How do we know this man killed Carlie? Schaeffer asked the jurors. He told us. Smiths defense attorney shocked the courtroom when he declined to give a  closing statement. Your honor, opposing counsel, members of the jury, we waive closing argument, Adam Tebrugge said. Found Guilty On October 24, 2005, the jury took less than six hours to find Smith guilty of the first-degree murder, sexual battery, and kidnapping of Carlie Brucia. In December, the jury voted 10 to 2 for the death sentence in Carlies murder. During a sentencing hearing in February 2006, Smith cried while apologizing to the court for murdering  Carlie and said that he had tried to kill himself by taking overdoses of heroin and cocaine on the day of the murder. He asked the judge to spare his life for the sake of his family. But on March 15, 2006, Circuit Court Judge Andrew Owens sentenced Smith to death by lethal injection for Carlies murder and to life in prison without the possibility of parole for assault and kidnapping. Owen said before sentencing: Carlie endured unspeakable trauma, which began at the time of her kidnapping...The image of the defendant taking her arm and leading her away will no doubt forever be etched in our minds...During the sexual and physical abuse Carlie was subjected to, at 11 years of age, there is no doubt she was aware of her dire predicament and that she had little or no hope of survival...Her death was consciousless and pitiless...calculated and premeditated. Death Sentence Vacated On July  18,  2017, County Court Judge Charles Roberts vacated Smiths death sentence  based on a 2016 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that a unanimous jury verdict is required to impose the death penalty. A new sentencing hearing was scheduled for October 2019, but months before the hearing a delay was requested by the prosecution and defense. As of September 2019, Smith was in the Union Correctional Institution in Raiford, Florida. Sources Kuizon, Kimberly. Carlie Brucias Killer to Be Resentenced. Fox 13 News.Munoz, Carlos R. Death Sentence for Carlie Brucia’s Killer Is Vacated. Sarasota Herald-Tribune.

There Should be a Uniform System of Education in America...

There should be a uniform system of education in a country Uniform system of education means that the level of education must be same for everyone in a country. Everyone in a country must be given equal opportunities for getting high education. There should be no concept of various systems of education. For example Madrassa school system; Government school system; Private school education system and British education system. I totally agree with the topic that there should be uniform system of education. Basically uniformity brings equality in everything. Justice needs that everyone should have equal rights. Thus for giving equal rights to his inhabitants, the government should spread a uniform system of education throughout the country.†¦show more content†¦Thus they are limited to low quality system of education which is cheap and easily approachable to them. And by getting education from such a system will get them a low job only. Thus they will not work with honest and interest because they will think that they are not given suc h job which they deserve. It is not useful for the development of a country. Basically there are four systems of education: Madrassa school system, Government school system, Private school system and British school system. Madrassa school system offers alim and hifz courses. It offers mostly Islamic courses. Government and private school system includes inter board system. They offer some compulsory and other elective subjects. While British school system offers elective subjects only. There is a huge difference between the above systems of education. For getting admission in a university for high education one should fulfill the admission criteria of that university. Now for a student who has got education through Madrassa school system it is totally impossible for him to fulfill the admission criteria of that university. Because such a student only know about Islamic course subjects while the university admission criteria also needs science subjects. Also for a student who have got education through government or private school system, it is difficult for h im to fulfill admissionShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness And Use Of School Uniforms1140 Words   |  5 PagesEffectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools Nyi Nyi A. Myin Wingate University  The Effectiveness And Use of Uniform in Schools The discussion regarding the purpose of schools uniforms among parents and school administrators have increased in the last few years. The debate on whether school uniforms affect students’ performance have challenged also. School uniforms are often seen as unstylish and unattractive due to lack of design and color scheme. The use of school uniforms are used to aid students’Read MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Education1657 Words   |  7 PagesOur educational system has changed quite drastically. It is no longer just a place where one goes to learn Arithmetic, English, and Penmanship. It has evolved into something much more complex than that. The challenges our Educators are experiencing today are far more different than the ones they faced ten years ago. Technology has introduced some valuable tools that has vastly improved the way school administrators and parents are educating their children, but this type of advancement came with someRead MoreShould Uniforms B e Required For Public School Students?1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of uniforms being required for public school students has been a widely controversial topic in the recent past. In the 2003-2004 school year, only one in eight public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). In the 2013-2014 school year, one in five public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). This essay will discuss the reasons that uniforms restrict the individuality of students, burdens families that cannot afford two sets of clothesRead MoreSchool Uniforms: A Bad Idea Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagestheir children against the enforcement of their school’s uniform policy. More schools have been adopting uniform policies within the past decade. Rules contained in the policy that are implemented range from wearing certain types of tops (shirts) in specified colors to students being required to tuck in their shirts. In the past, uniforms were exclu sively for students who attended private schools because they were â€Å"well-off†, but now uniforms are being seen more frequently in public schools on studentsRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Solve All Problems Within A School System1595 Words   |  7 PagesSchool uniforms are school approved wardrobes that dictate what students wear to school. In today’s society, school systems’ deciding to implement uniforms has become a controversial issue among students, parents, and teachers. The use of uniforms by a school system is often an effort in branding and developing a unified image, but also has substantial effects on the students that are wearing uniforms. Some people believe that clothing is an expression of a person, while others believe that clothingRead MoreGraduation Speech : School Dress Codes790 Words   |  4 PagesDear American Education System, School dress codes. The very thing students hate dealing with at school, but yet it is the most enforced school policies. Everyone has a very solid idea about what students should and should not be aloud to wear to school. They have opinions on what is too short, what is too long, what is too tight, and what is too loose. A student could be sent home for breaking the dress code in turn missing out on important lessons and information they need to know in order toRead MoreEssay on School Uniforms1047 Words   |  5 PagesSchool Uniforms The issue of whether or not school uniforms are a necessity in today’s society has been a long standing debate. However, it did not come onto the national scene until 1996 when then President Bill Clinton spoke of the matter in his annual State of the Union Address. Citing the Long Beach city school district in California, Clinton spoke of the positive effects of uniform implementation, including: decreased drug cases, sex offenses, violent crimes and fights. Jessica PortnerRead MoreSchool Uniforms859 Words   |  4 PagesWriting 24 September 2017 School Uniforms Should Be Used In Schools School uniforms should be utilized within schools. There are plenty of benefits, including they cost less than buying regular school clothes would, as well as drastically decreasing peer pressure and bullying in the student body. Uniforms give students a sense of respect and responsibility. They create the ability for students to succeed in areas without the hassle of what they’re wearing. School uniforms improve school spirit, and createRead MoreEssay on Private Schools Will Not Fix the American Education System1422 Words   |  6 PagesNot Fix the American Education System    The American public education system was founded on the radical notion that all members of society should have equal access to education. Also crucial was the notion that a basic common education was essential for a true democracy. This revolutionary system is now in indisputable trouble. Many worry about America’s ability to compete with foreign countries while others address the growing dichotomy between the quality of education in different economicRead MoreChanges Of The American School System1210 Words   |  5 PagesChanges need to be made in American school systems. In fact, once American schools are reformed it would make it easier for those who want to learn receive an education. In the essay, â€Å"Lets’ Really Reform Our Schools† by Anita Garland, Garland explains why schools need to be reformed. Garland claims that American schools are in trouble and that they are a disaster. Garland also mentions that one needs to restructure his thinking about the whole purpose of going to school. To start off, attendance

Don Volixote And Don Quixote - 926 Words

During the 16th century, Miguel de Cervantes served the Spanish Armada and was attacked and taken captive by pirates. He was enslaved for five years and was finally ransomed by his family. This served as fuel for the first novel in history, Don Quixote, which mocks and satirizes the knights and aristocracy of the time due to their idealistic nature. A century later, Voltiare, a french enlightenment thinker, wrote Candide to destroy the notion of Optimistic thinking and show the ineffectiveness and irrational traditions nobles had in the 17th century and does so through numerous instances of irony and satire throughout the novel. Although the protagonists and ideals of each text are disparate, comparably, both Cervantes and Voltaire mocks†¦show more content†¦Cervantes makes it so that no one, but Sancho, understands Don Quixote. While Don Quixote also does not understand his surroundings and genuinely thinks that this reality of his chivalric stories of knights and adventur e is real; creating the idea that the nobility are quite foolish and blind. The famous scene of him when â€Å"he charged at Rocinante fullest gallop and fell upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as he drove his lance-point into the sail†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is a great example of how Cervantes uses satire to make fun of the knights at the time, implying that this nobility and honor knights had was built off of their foolishness and quixotic nature. And in â€Å"Candide†, Voltaire views the theory of optimism as extremely foolish since it prevents individuals from making any morally right or realistic decisions; making Candide and Pangloss in the story see the world as â€Å"the best of all possible worlds.† As a result of this optimism, when horrible things such as rape and murder occur, they do not perceive how immoral those things are because it seems to serve a greater purpose beyond their understanding. Voltaire uses

Free Journalism Essay Media Audience Free Essays

1.0Introduction and Aims New technologies are a poisoned chalice for newspaper journalists and their audiences: at once equipping journalists with the resources they need to compete in the 21st century but at the same time threatening their very survival and forcing newspaper insiders to contemplate what Robert Rosenthal, the former Managing Editor of the San Francisco Chronicle, called: â€Å"the greatest upheaval our industry and the institution of journalism has ever faced† (Beckett 2008, p.9). We will write a custom essay sample on Free Journalism Essay: Media Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have chosen newspapers as the basis of my inquiry into new technologies because it is a medium which some have observed to be in terminal decline due to flat lining circulations (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 2010), merciless redundancies (Beckett 2008, p.27) and of course the rise of online journalism and new technologies (Bardoel 1999, p.379), one aspect of which is User Generated Content such as Youtube or Twitter where the audience is both a user and a producer of content (Birdsall 2007, p.1284). Web 2.0 technology has forced many commentators to reassess the ways in which both audience and audiences are understood (Nightingale 2011, p.7). We currently live in a time when both print and online newspapers exist side-by-side and in some respects we have our feet in both the last remnants of the industrial wave of technology and what has been identified by some commentators as the â€Å"information society† (Toffler 1980). Two related aspects of the decline of newspapers is the rise of online journalism and the advent of citizen journalism enabled by new technologies and symbolized by the Korean online newspaper OhmyNews. The specific focus of the secondary research and this report is citizen-journalism and User Generated Content (UGC) and their effect on media audience theories with comparison to newspapers and the traditional models of audience research which describe common features: â€Å"vertical, top-down, passive, one-way flow of information† (Birdsall 2007, p.1284). UGC comes in many different forms of course and, although as pointed out above Web 2.0 has forced many commentators to reassess media au dience theory (Nightingale, 2010 p.7), there is a lack of scrutiny of citizen journalism in media audience theories. This report hopes principally to correct some of this imbalance. The aim of this report is consequently to understand whether the traditional understanding of the media audience applies to UGC and online journalism and if not, which theory can best be applied to them without falling foul of â€Å"technological determinism† (Bardoel 1999, p.386). The core structural components of audience theory, adopting the words of Nightingale (2011), can be distilled to firstly the active passive dimension and the micro-macro dimension. Both of these dialectics can explain UGC to a large extent and the work of both Nightingale (2011) and Jenkins (1999) will both be examined to see if new media and UGC can be located within present theories of audiences and indeed whether the term â€Å"audience† is still a useful term: will the death of newspapers also bring about the death of the traditional passive audience (Lievrouw Livingstone, 2006, p.27 Valdivia, 2005, p.353)? 2.0 Context (a) Traditional audience theory and definitions It is Nightingale’s (2011) analysis of the two dimensions of audience theory which is adopted for the purpose of this report and have been described usefully by Littlejohn as firstly a tension between â€Å"the idea that the audience is a mass public versus the idea that it is a small community,† and the tension between â€Å"the idea that the audience is passive versus the belief that it is active† (1996, p.310). This dual framework is a useful starting point for understanding what is now commonly perceived to be the old model and the new interactive world of UGC (Nightingale 2011, p.191). The traditional model is recognized as being one-directional and it is McQuail who produces a classic definition: â€Å"the audience concept implies an attentive, receptive but relatively passive set of listeners or spectators assembled in a more or less public setting† (McQuail, 2010 p.391). When offering a definition for audience theories McQuail puts forward three cr iteria: people, medium or channel, the content of the message(s) and time (Ibid). McQuail himself concedes, however, that Nightingale’s definition is best suited to the new media environment and implicitly acknowledges that his own definition is becoming redundant in the face of diversity. Nightingale’s definition runs as follows and embraces audience interactions: â€Å"Audience as ‘the people assembled’†¦audience as the ‘people addressed’†¦audience as ‘happening’†¦audience as ‘hearing or audition’†. (Quoted from MacQuail 2011, p.399). (b) UGC and the decline of newspapers: According to Allan (2006) it was a speech made by media mogul Rupert Murdoch in 2005 which heralded the death of the newspaper, at least in its paper and ink format, in the irresistible current of new technology. As noted above there are many explanations for the demise of the print newspaper but chief among them are flat lining circulations (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 2010), merciless redundancies (Beckett 2008, p.27) and of course the rise of online journalism and new technologies (Bardoel 1999, p.379). User Generated Content (UGC) has, in the opinion of some, shifted the balance of power between consumer and the media by enabling the public to become more intimately involved with the process of deciding the content of news (Kucuka Krishnamurthy 2007). According to Redden Witschge (2011) however, there has been no such fundamental rebalancing to the consumer or even to the audience as ultimately it is the editor and the journalist who retains control. T his approach is echoed by the experience of OhmyNews in citizen journalism where editorial control is retained (Kim and Hamilton 2006 p. 542). According to Bevans (2008), UGC is any news related material produced by the public via the internet. UGC has enabled a very radical form of reporting to flourish: citizen journalism. This is a very new concept and as such there is a lack of analysis but the term first surfaced during the Indonesian tsunami and has grown rapidly ever since. Guardian blogger Neil Mcintosh saw this as a pivotal moment: â€Å"†¦ for those watching this small, comparatively insignificant world of media, this may also be remembered as a time when citizen reporting, through the force of its huge army of volunteers and their simple type and publish weblog mechanisms, finally found its voice, and delivered in a way the established media simply could not.† (Guardian Unlimited News Blog, 4 January 2005). 3.0 Methodology I have focused on existing research and scholarship for this report and have drawn sources from the leading theorists in media audiences as well as those commentators who described the death of print newspapers and the advent of UGC and citizen journalism. I have drawn the sources widely from books, journals and websites. I chose this methodology because I felt that small-scale empirical research would be unsatisfactory in firstly giving any kind of indication of whether or not present theories of audiences can be applied to UGC which is absolutely crucial to the focus of this work. The conceptual difficulties behind adopting any kind of surveys or any kind of qualitative research would be manifest and would have to be conducted on a much larger scale than a report of 2,000 words can allow. Furthermore this particular issue is one which can only be understood with a comprehensive look at past scholarship on media audiences. As pointed out above many commentators shy away from techno logical determinism in hailing a new epoch and so try to explain UGC in terms of existing audience theory. How to cite Free Journalism Essay: Media Audience, Essay examples

Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management refers to the methods involved in the management of goods and services, its flow from the manufacturing unit to the target customers. Nippon Express is a logistics company, which has many years of experience in transportation, warehousing, distribution and other services(Abbasi Nilsson, 2016). The report highlights the global challenges Nippon Express faces in relation to cost efficiency, greener operations, highest possible quality level of services and global access. The key performance indicators are the powerful tools which help in understanding the structure of the business. Keeping track of the key performance indicators and measuring those helps in the improvement of the business. To improve the efficiency and revenue, Nippon Express must eliminate its infrastructure from the dispersed tasks(Beske, Land, Seuring, 2014). They can opt for the cloud system in order to achieve their aim as well as leverage information technology resource in a cost effective yet flexible manner. Such processes help in reducing the costs, hence benefiting the company. In addition to this, cloud environment can add more value to their distribution unit and improve their processing time. Data analysts can easily automate the processes and find the right tool for visualization, hence reducing time. Interactive dashboards of KPIs must be created for highlighting the differences of each month. Improvement in the distribution services would increase the customer satisf action, which in turn will benefit the company (Green Jr, Zelbst, Meacham, Bhadauria, 2012). Challenges in Achieving the KPIs Nippon Express faces lots of challenges in achieving the cost efficiencies in terms of its supply chain management. The rising cost of fuel and increasing number of global customers is increasing the supply chain cost of the organization. Apart from that, with the advancement of technology, the organization always has to adhere to frequently changing technology and purchase highly advanced technological equipments for maintaining its supply chain. In such situation, it become quite challenging for the organization towards to achieve cost efficiency in its supply chain management (Ross, 2013). On other hand, the organization also faces difficulties in achieving the greener operation in terms of achieving sustainable supply chain management. The organization has to use trucks, ships and other vehicles for transporting their goods the clients. It is always not possible for the organization towards using electric vehicles for transporting goods, as they are quite less speedy than the normal transportation vehicles. Therefore, the organization often fails to meet greener operation in supply chain management (Jacobs Chase, 2013). Nippon Express also faces extreme difficulties in achieving global access in regards to supply chain. Moreover, the organization faces challenges in the integration of supply chain across the global boundaries. On the other hand, the organization faces the issues in terms of managing the quality of the products and services sent to the customers. The goods can often be damaged during its transportation through different vehicles. Therefore, it prevent s the organization in achieving the quality of products to be delivered to the customers (Dekker, Fleischmann, Inderfurth, van Wassenhove, 2013). Cost Efficiency Nippon Express a logistics company of Tokyo, Japan is taken as an example to explain the supply chain managements process. However, the RFID technology application can benefit the company to a huge extent, which may vary from industry to industry. The Nippon Express has been established in the year 1937, which has a strong network over forty countries. Previously, all the operations of manufacturing, producing, washing and others were being performed manually (Ahi Searcy, A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management, 2013). After the introduction of RFID technology, the tagging and counting of products are done in seconds. Moreover, it has applied several strategies like cost leadership strategies and others to improve its ratio of profitability. Among all those, the focus strategy of the company helps in improving its focus on their customer satisfaction (Stadtler, 2015). The industry uses scanner, which helps in scanning the ta gs automatically without any error. It helps in scanning multiple tags simultaneously. It reduces the work load of the labors and does the work more accurately and swiftly. It helps in reducing the costs of the manufacturers as the maximum work is machine-based (Brandenburg, Govindan, Sarkis, Seuring, 2014). Greener practices at different levels of the industry can build a corporate image, which in turn, will lead the industry to sustainability, in this competitive world of business. The management plays an integral part in such implementation of green practices. The Nippon Express company is changing their business pattern to reduce the carbon footprint. Ecological imbalances and global warming are one of the biggest problems; the earth is facing in modern days (Barney, 2012). The industrial sector however, can implement various environmental friendly measures in order to save the world from global warming and climatic changes. Furthermore, several initiatives are taken by the industry as a segment of the green practice in their supply chain movement. This includes; saving paper while carrying out their services, reducing the usage of water, reduction of carbon emissions, usage of alternative energy sources for production and manufacturing, eliminating the usage of plastics while packag ing and saving trees (Seuring, 2013). Highest possible quality level of products and services In addition to the greener practices, supply chain management of the industry benefits the distribution processes by maintaining the highest possible quality of the products as well as services. It accelerates the delivery managements speed to a great extent, while improving efficiency and increasing accuracy in selecting and distributing processes (Ahi Searcy, An analysis of metrics used to measure performance in green and sustainable supply chains, 2015). The company has assembled all kinds of logistics techniques to reduce distribution costs and keep a track of the items and products, by registering it in the distribution centers computer system. The company has a network of large distribution centers and with the help of advanced technology; it can monitor its inventory levels and retain the quality of the products (Brandenburg, Govindan, Sarkis, Seuring, 2014). It also helps in maintaining the quality of the services by putting the cartons properly in right places, sorting the m quickly and also efficiently, dispatching of the cartons to its retailers in less span of time with accuracy. When the items reach their destination or store, at the entrance they get scanned as well as registered automatically. There quality is also taken care and kept intact. This in turn, helps in accelerating the delivery speed, while improving efficiency and quality, increasing accuracy and at the same time reducing distribution costs (Ahi Searcy, A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management, 2013). The implementation of information technology in the supply chain management of the company helps in manufacturing processes by reducing the manual work, which in turn reduces the costs. It also benefits in managing the warehouse by improving visibility and planning (Beske, Land, Seuring, 2014). Once the production is complete, the producers of Nippon Express pack the items in the cartons and then deliver those cartons to the buying companys warehouse (Fawcett, Ellram, Ogden, 2013). However, there are several challenges faced by the supply chain management of the industry. It is required to do a detailed research of the RFID technology before its application in the supply chain management. Managers must be well equipped with the handling of the technology so that they can train their employees with the utilization of the technology. It is important to understand whether its application is beneficial for the organization or not. Moreover, the technology can be expensive and requires proper maintenance. In addition to this, the RFID technology has a troublesome relationship with liquids and metals (Wisner, Tan, Leong, 2014). In a manufacturing industry, efficiency, compliance, automation and speed are necessary components for fulfilling the organizational goals. Nippon Express provides timeliness as well as greater accuracy, planning and forecasting, fulfilling orders, procuring materials and more (Tayur, Ganeshan, Magazine, 2012). In addition to this, the industrys supply chain management tools are designed well in order to meet the requirements. However, the industry faces certain challenges which can be handled and the recommendations given are quite feasible (Christopher, 2016). To achieve Just in Time management, the industry should be able to understand the needs and requirements of each and every client. Moreover, there should be a phase of preparation with each supplier for delivering the goods on time. In this manner, the production demands can be met easily. Furthermore, Nippon Express information technology solutions help in increasing the visibility and accuracy of their operations (Brindley , 2017). The application of supply chain management helps in the smooth flow of products and goods. It helps in building a relationship between the customer and the organization by fulfilling their demands. However, it is important to do a detailed research before applying the technology. The industry must adopt innovative technologies and top quality management. The seven concepts of top quality management includes; continuous improvement, employee empowerment, benchmarking and other concepts. The Nippon express must check whether their top quality management includes all parts and staffs of the organization or not. Therefore, to improve the quality of the supply chain, top quality management is essential. In addition to this, proper planning and execution is necessary. Six sigma procedures help in analyzing the data and improve the process. Lean system also helps in educating the suppliers, developing the workforce and reducing the job classes number. Other strategies include JIT or Just in Time which promises to deliver rights goods with right quality to the right people at right time. Therefore, Nippon Express can implement such strategies in order to make their supply chain processes more effective and efficient. Five different themes of current affecting Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Designing the Supply Chain from the Shelf Back: Most of the time, the consumer goods retailers and companies thought that the supply chain management ended at retail or the delivery of items to the stores. They completely forgot that supply chain exists in the areas where the consumers make their decisions. Moreover, their focus on demand driven industries still struggles to push the products to the stores (Seuring, 2013). Companies like Wal-Mart, Procter Gamble and others have senior level managers who are responsible for managing the supply chain. Managers are responsible for optimizing the processes with various retailers for streamlining the goods flow, in consumer goods company. This is done in order to manufacture floor to the retail shelf (McCormack Johnson, 2016). This can lead to some significant improvements in delivery and transportation of the goods. Shelf level view also helps in creating other insights . For instance, Wal-Mart has changed their way of looking at the q uality metrics. Previously, it was internally focused and tracked the quality of the products. It helped in changing the designs of the packages and thus, reducing damages from handling as well as stocking processes. It helped the manufacturers to look at the problems clearly and hence, providing them with opportunities for improving the procedures (Grant, Wong, Trautrims, 2017). Better Planning as well as Execution: In both retail companies and consumer goods, supply inefficiencies occur, which is created through the disconnection between the planning of supply chain and the execution of systems as well as processes. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, many companies have immature operations planning and sales processes. Due to this, it develops a strategy which drives supply chain management (Coyle, Langley, Novack, Gibson, 2016). Most of the companies still have poor information flow. Both the consumer goods and retailers are looking out for new and innovative processes as well as systems to reduce the information latency. This in turn will allow them to keep a track of the store shelf happenings. Moreover, it will drive appropriate replenishment and manufacturing decisions, by closing the loops between planning as well as execution (Gereffi Fernandez-Stark, 2016). In a recent study, it is found that, only eleven percent of the companies have hi ghly integrated supply chain planning as well as execution processes. On the other hand, more than ninety percent companies are still planning to have a better planning and execution process in the next three years. This can be done by adopting several strategies like improving the visibility of supply chain, better integrating of existing software and collaborating with the suppliers as well as retailers (Govindan, Soleimani, Kannan, 2015). Transportation Costs: The main focus must be on the transportation costs as the fuel costs are raising rapidly. However, with innovative technology and measures, these issues can be solved. Efficient planning of production helps in the smooth movement of products and its raw materials in a less span of time. Previously, in companies all the works were done manually (Zhu, Sarkis, Lai, 2017). It was necessary to count the products several times which includes the stages of manufacturing, production, washing of the products and its packing. Previously, all these operations were being performed manually. After the introduction of RFID technology, the tagging and counting of products are done in seconds. RFID scanner helps in scanning the tags automatically without any error. Moreover, it helps in scanning multiple tags simultaneously (Rushton, Croucher, Baker, 2014). It reduces the work load of the labors and does the work more accurately and swiftly. It helps in reducing the costs of the manufacturers as the maximum work is machine-based. Most of the companies are embracing different strategies for lowering their transportation costs. For instance, Clarks Company found that it can gain substantial profit by replacing its center of consolidation in China, instead of shipping from Asian locations. It helped in reducing the shipping costs through the usage of larger containers (Myerson, 2016). Proper Forecasting: Proper forecasting is essential for any organization or industry, as it ensures in having enough supply in hand, in order to satisfy the demands and desires of the consumers. Business analysts utilize the systems of logistics and supply chain management as well as some other tools, in order to forecast the demands in advance (Mangan Lalwani, 2016). For example; Amazon uses forecasting techniques to increase the satisfaction of the consumers, reduce the inventory stock outs, schedule the production effectively, lowering the safety requirements of stocks, reduce obsolescence costs of products, manage the shipping better, improve price and promote management (Awudu Zhang, 2017). The three major forecast types used within supply chains context are; demand forecasting to investigate the demands and requirements of the buyers, supply forecasting to know about the current suppliers and producers and lastly, the price forecast, which is the compilation of demands and su pplys information. Forecasting abilities of any business varies from organization to organization. In order to improve the forecasting abilities, one needs to understand the size of the demands and the uncertainty drivers. The demand planning and strategy needs to be kept simple. The organizations should always have backup plans as well as change their strategies when needed (McKinnon, Browne, Whiteing, Piecyk, 2015). Green Supply Chain: Consumer goods and retailer companies are taking the initiative of reducing their carbon emissions in order to develop a Green Supply Chain Management. Wal-Mart Company has announced several strategies and initiatives over the past years for undertaking green supply chain measures. This will not only help in reducing the carbon emissions, but also lower the transportation costs (Monczka, Handfield, Giunipero, Patterson, 2015). The companies are changing their business pattern to reduce the carbon footprint. Ecological imbalances and global warming are one of the biggest problems; the earth is facing in modern days. The industrial sectors however, can implement various environmental friendly measures in order to save the world from global warming and climatic changes (Heizer, 2016). Green practices at different levels of the industry can build a corporate image, which in turn, will lead the industry to sustainability, in this competitive world of business (Coyle, Langley, Novack, Gibson, 2016). The management plays an integral part in such implementation of green practices. For instance, Nippon Express takes several initiatives as a segment of the green practice. This includes; saving paper, reducing the usage of water, reduction of carbon emissions, usage of alternative energy sources for production and manufacturing, eliminating the usage of plastics while packaging and saving trees (Grant, Wong, Trautrims, 2017). Conclusion To conclude, supply chain management helps in the smooth flow of products and their distribution. It compiles all the steps of distribution along with the decisions of marketing, desires of the consumers in accordance with the companys goals and strategies. Moreover, it gives a brief explanation of the application of several technologies in the supply chain management. As per the findings of the report, application of such technology helps in the smooth movement of products and goods. In addition to this, the five different themes of global logistics and supply chain help in providing with useful insights. Bibliography Abbasi, M., Nilsson, F. (2016). Developing environmentally sustainable logistics: Exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers perspective. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 46, 273-283. Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2013). A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 329-341. Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2015). An analysis of metrics used to measure performance in green and sustainable supply chains. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 360-377. Awudu, I., Zhang, J. (2017). Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management. A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1359-1368. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory. Journal of supply chain management, 48(2), 3-6. Beske, P., Land, A., Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry. A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics, 152, 131-143. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions. European Journal of Operational Research, 233(2), 299-312. Brindley, C. (2017). Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J. J., Langley, C. J., Novack, R. A., Gibson, B. (2016). Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dekker, R., Fleischmann, M., Inderfurth, K., van Wassenhove, L. N. (2013). Reverse logistics: quantitative models for closed-loop supply chains. Springer Science Business Media. Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2013). Supply Chain Management: Pearson New International Edition: From Vision to Implementation. 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The Australia Legal System free essay sample

CongressThe Australian Legal System Introduction All countries are a reflection of their histories and this is very much the case with governmental structures and the associated legal system. The Australian legal system is based on a fundamental belief in the rule of law, justice and the independence of the judiciary. All people—Australians and non-Australians alike—are treated equally before the law and safeguards exist to ensure that people are not treated arbitrarily or unfairly by governments or officials. Principles such as procedural fairness, judicial precedent and the separation of powers are fundamental to Australia’s legal system. The common law system, as developed in the United Kingdom, forms the basis of Australian jurisprudence. It is distinct from the civil law systems that operate in Europe, South America and Japan, which are derived from Roman law. Other countries that employ variations of the common law system are the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Malaysia and India. The chief feature of the common law system is that judges’ decisions in pending cases are informed by the decisions of previously settled cases. Australian law has evolved via many routes: customs of the people, legislation, case law and public opinion. And the major historical sources of law in Australia are the common law, the law of equity, statute based law and the law concerning native title. [i] Australia is a federation with seven constitutions; one for each of the six States and one for the Commonwealth. These constitutions provide for a parliament for each of the States and a parliament for the Commonwealth of Australia. [ii] The Australian Constitution of 1901 established a federal system of government, under which powers are distributed between the federal government and the states. It defined exclusive powers (investing the federal government with the exclusive power to make laws on matters such as trade and commerce, taxation, defence, external affairs, and immigration and citizenship) and concurrent powers (where both tiers of government are able to enact laws). The states and territories have independent legislative power in all matters not specifically assigned to the federal government. Where there is any inconsistency between federal and state or territory laws, federal laws prevail. Federal laws apply to the whole of Australia. In effect, Australia has nine legal systems—the eight state and territory systems and one federal system. However, it is the state and territory criminal laws that mainly affect the day-to-day lives of most Australians. Each of the federal and state systems incorporates three separate branches of government—legislative, executive and judicial. Parliaments make the laws, the executive government administers the laws, and the judiciary independently interprets and applies them. The Parliament of the Commonwealth is the federal legislature of Australia. The Australia Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the King or Queen and the two houses, the Senate (the Upper House) and the House of Representatives (the Lower House). [iii] In Australia, executive authority is vested in the Government General, who is appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the Prime Ministerthe head of the majority party in Parliament. The Government General is His or Her Majestys representative in the Commonwealth. Under the Constitution, the Government General has many important constitutional, official and ceremonial duties to perform. The judiciary is the government branch concerned with the administration of justice. It is absolutely separate from the executive branch and the legislature so as to check the concentration of government power. The Australia judiciary includes the High Court, the Federal Court, and the Family Court, and courts of the six states and two territories. The courts The High Court is the superior court in Australia. It has a Chief Justice and six other judges who can preside either individually or together. Its functions include interpreting and applying the law, deciding cases of special federal significance, including challenges to the constitutional validity of laws, and hearing appeals from the federal, state and territory courts. The Federal Court’s jurisdiction is broad, covering almost all civil matters arising under Australian federal law and some summary criminal matters. The court also has substantial and diverse appellate jurisdiction, including over the decisions of single judges of the Federal Court and the Federal Magistrates Court (in non-family-law matters) and some decisions of the state and territory courts. The Family Court is Australia’s superior court in family law. Through its specialist judges and staff, the court helps to resolve complex family disputes. It also covers specialized areas such as cases relating to the Hague Convention on International Child Abductions (which came into force in Australia in December 1998) and the international relocation of children by parents or guardians. The Federal Magistrates Court was established by the federal parliament in 1999 and conducted its first sittings in July 2000. Its jurisdiction includes family law, bankruptcy, unlawful discrimination, consumer protection and trade practices, privacy, migration, copyright and industrial law. Nearly all of its jurisdiction is shared with the Family Court or the Federal Court. [iv] Australian state and territory courts have jurisdiction in all matters brought under state or territory laws. They also handle some matters arising under federal laws, where jurisdiction has been conferred by the federal parliament. State and territory courts deal with most criminal matters, whether arising under federal, state or territory law. Each state and territory court system operates independently. All states have supreme courts and some also have courts of criminal appeal, which are the highest appellate courts at the state level. Courts known as ‘district’ or ‘county’ courts hear the more serious cases, with a judge presiding over the court to interpret and determine the law. For more serious charges it is usual for a jury (usually of 12 people) to determine the guilt or innocence of defendants. Serious offences such as murder, rape and armed robbery are usually tried in a higher court. Lesser offences are dealt with in lower courts, known as local or magistrates courts (or courts of petty sessions), where magistrates determine the guilt or innocence of defendants. In all cases, defendants are considered to be innocent until proven guilty beyond all reasonable doubt. There is no death penalty in Australia. Legal aid and representation Australian governments recognize that access to legal representation is an important element in ensuring justice for all. They provide some legal aid for people assessed as being least able to afford to cover the costs of a court appearance. The federal Attorney-General’s Department is responsible for administering funding for the provision of legal aid services for federal law matters through legal aid commissions, administering a Community Legal Services Program and managing legal aid services for Indigenous Australians. State and territory governments fund legal aid services for cases being tried under state and territory law. There are eight independent legal aid commissions, one in each of the states and territories, with a total budget of around $400 million. Funding is provided by the federal government and state and territory governments. Other revenue comes from interest earnings, contributions and fees. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission was established in 1986 as an independent statutory organization reporting to the federal parliament through the Attorney-General. Its goals are to foster understanding about, and protection of, human rights in Australia and to address human rights concerns. Its functions include resolving complaints of discrimination or breaches of human rights under federal law and holding public inquiries into human rights issues of national importance. Australian Crime Commission The Australian Crime Commission was established in January 2003 (replacing the National Crime Authority) as an independent statutory body to work nationally with federal, state and territory agencies, principally to counter serious and organized crime. It brings together all arms of Australian intelligence gathering and law enforcement to coordinate the fight against major crime. International legal cooperation and treaties Australia seeks to promote international cooperation in the legal sector. The federal government established the International Legal Services Advisory Council in 1990 to promote the globalization of legal services. The council seeks to promote understanding of different countries’ laws, legal systems and legal institutions, particularly in the areas of trade, business and international law. It also contributes to the development of legal institutions, education and training, and legal interchanges and contacts. [i] David Barker, Essential Australian Law [ii] The Australian System of Government [iii] Donald Gifford, Understanding the Australian Legal System [iv] Federal Magistrates Court of Australia