Essay on Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process

Establishing a Formal Systems Development Process Sara Reed Strayer University Professor Matthew Anyanwu CIS 510 Advanced Systems Analysis and Design 20 July 13 Jane has been recently hired as the company’s first-ever process manager. She has been reviewing the company’s best practices of system development with the intent of establishing a formal systems development process for the company. She has two employees, Carrie and Brian, both who will work under her as system developers. Carrie and Brian bring years of experience at a large firm to the table. Carrie is described as someone who is a big proponent of iterative/incremental development approaches, whereas Brian is a long time proponent of the waterfall approach.†¦show more content†¦Every company has a mission and every team should have a goal to meet that mission. Ideas for creating a common goal are: create and/or review the team’s mission, discuss why they exist in the first place, allow each team member to express their commitment, create a theme (i.e., poster, symbol, motto) that portrays the team as a unit, and use the common purpose to prior itize the teams actions (â€Å"Building a Collaborative Team Environment†). Jane needs to emphasize the advantages of teamwork in the workplace. Advantages such as increasing the likelihood of success, each team member brings there strengths to the table, increasing the success of the project, it will provide motivation and sense of security, as allowing each person a hand in the cookie jar, avoiding personal responsibility for a mistake. Teams motivate each other to work together in achieving their common goal, success. Another advantage is it helps divide the work that needs to be done, not one person can or should do all the work for the project, and it should be broken down into sub-tasks to the most qualified person. Working as a team also allows each member to learn from one another, we can never learn enough, and networking is the best way to further your knowledge and experience in any area (â€Å"Advantages of Fostering Teamwork in the Workplace†). Jane will need to really work on keeping a positive attitude in the workplace soShow MoreRelatedPerformance Appraisals and Employee Performance1035 Words   |  4 Pagesthe performance appraisal process remains a priority for the employers through focusing on its advantages and effect on increasing employee performance. While the effectiveness of performance appraisals is influenced by various problem areas, effective performance appraisals enhance employee performance. 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The Alchemist Mood Free Essays

Besides language, techniques to convey purpose in the alchemis: Through concrete diction and imagery, Paulo Coelho exhibits his purpose in writing the Alchemist and supplies an ambience in which the readers are prompted to learn and evaluate their own relationships, dreams, feel hope and ambition. Since the novel has a very serene tone, Coelho uses dictation to add interest to the novel. When a reader can visualize a situation, they can more easily relate to it by connecting memories that they have to those Santiago is experiencing in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist Mood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coelho uses concrete dictation by showing a situation instead of just telling it to the readers. In order to do this he has to use very descriptive language. Once the reader can picture Santiago’s emotions, they are free to interpret the lessons taught into their own circumstances. In Coelho’s novel, the setting has a lot to do with the emotions and lessons learned. Santiago achieves his personal legend of discovering who he is through the desert and acceptance of his conditions. The way that Coelho teaches his lessons to Santiago and the readers is by connecting them to forces of nature. â€Å"Treasure is uncovered by the force of flowing water, and it is buried by the same currents. †(p. 24). The readers are comfortable with the thought of nature and can connect the lessons by picturing something that they are familiar with. Imagery and symbolism are highly connected in the Alchemist. Coelho uses a desert to represent the mind of Santiago. On his travels through the desert, he is given peace and quiet to think about his own life; to meditate. As the readers progress in his adventure with him, they learn things about Santiago as he learns them. This is because Coelho uses dictation and imagery to help the readers and Santiago visualize themselves in relatable situations and uses the techniques to create a tranquil mood in his book, The Alchemist. How to cite The Alchemist Mood, Essay examples

Is Key to Long and Healthy Life free essay sample

Introduction In this seminar it is going to be word how is the exercise key to long and helthy life. I have wrote how exersise affects on our lives in very stage of our life. I have explaned how exercise helps people to fight with all kind of diseases. Also I have wrote the importance of healthy diet and how it is important to eat good food. I also noted the importance of exercise in the development of children. In this seminar I have gave tips for healthy and long life. More that 1. 6 billion people in the world are either overweight or obese and United States has the highest rate of obesity. World’s number one killer is cardiovascular diseases, which can easily be prevented by exercising. Exercise not only reduces the risk of health problems and various diseases, but it also has an effect on overall appearance. It is proven that exercising and being active can improve self-esteem and confidence. Excerising is one of the most important things in life and it can even be fun. It is a crucial element for living a healthier, longer, and happier life. The number one reason why people should exercise is because it will keep you healthy. People oll around the world are eating enormous amounts of fast foods these days, so cardiovascular diseases are becoming more and more common. For example one out of every four Americans are suffering from some form of cardiovascular diseases, which results in more than forty-five percent of deaths annually. The main cause for this condition is obesity. The more body fat that you have, the greater your risk for heart disease. However, this condition can easily be prevented or controlled by exercising. Exercising makes the heart muscles stronger. When your heart muscle is strong it can do the same amount of work at a lower heart rate, so the heart doesnt have to work as hard as it does with weak muscles. In todays society people are less concerned with the food they eat and their physical condition, so many serious illnesses are becoming quite common. Exercising not only helps prevent cardiovascular diseases, but it also helps prevent strokes, type 2 diabetesand, even certain types of cancer. The second benefit to exercising is that it improves self-esteem and confidence. Most people think of exercising as only being a physical activity, but its also a mental activity. There have been studies that show evidence that people who exercise have higher self esteem and confidence. It also showed that active people are less likely to have depression and anxiety. Exercising gives people energy, which helps people have positive outlooks on life and it helps relieves tension and stress. When you exercise you body releases endorphins, which are chemicals that create a happy feeling in brain. Plus, when youre exercising youre bringing more oxygen into you lungs and your brain appreciates the extra air. Exercising also helps improve you brain function and your memory. Also every man who cares about his health have to care about food as well. Now we know that beside exercise crysial key to long and helthy life is also a diet. It is important to first start with a good eating plan. Age, health issues, and level of physical activity are just a few factors that should be taken into consideration when writing a meal plan for a person. For example, a young, healthy, and active person can eat more freely than an older person with high cholesterol who does not get much physical activity. On average, a person should try to eat 6-11 servings of grains, 3-5 servings of fruits, 3-5 servings of vegetables, 2-3 servings of dairy, 2-3 servings of meat, and consume fats and sugars sparingly each day. One should shoot for this range until he/she can have an eating plan written for them. Exercise and diet  are key factors in staying physically and mentally healthy. It is a known fact that if you look great and feel great you will live a longer and happier life. It is important to take ones age, health, and current physical activity level into consideration when writing an exercise and diet plan. There are many people out there, such as nutritionists, personal trainers, and even personal doctors, who can help develop a diet and exercise plan that is right for him/her. There are so many facilities out there to help keep you alive and healthy. Exercise is not all about physical looks, it also has to do a lot with your actual health and well being. For example, many overweight people tend to be more susceptible to higher cholesterol and blood pressure. Well, by working out and adding an exercise routine into your normal every day life, you can help to decrease risk factors drastically. It is said that over 60% of American grown-ups are on the heavier side, or over weight. Only about 15% actually engage in the slightest amount of exercise. Exercise has also had a tremendous effect on the aging process of the body. Apparently the increase in exercise has an enormous effect on nerve cell health and with how long those cells are alive. By maintaining these healthy cells it helps to promote the production of antioxidants which help to protect cells from damage, this is the leading cause in aging. No matter what your age is you can still benefit from exercise not only mentally but also help to prolong your ability to function later on in life. Keeping up a regular cardio routine is a great way to get in shape and also help benefit you in various prolonging ways. It is still a good idea to have weight lifting as a part of your routine too. There are six difference muscle groups that you can work on with weights. You have arms, back, chest, shoulders, legs, and then abs. You want to try and keep them all worked out pretty evenly. Keeping it switched up and by not concentrating on lets just say bench press, you keep your body guessing and keep it from getting immune to the exercise. Instead of just doing bench press all the time you can switch it up to one week doing dumbbells, maybe cables the next, or maybe even just doing flat out push ups. Then you have the machine style work out which you can substitute in one week. Also you can switch the focus point up, maybe you want to concentrate on your upper chest this week and lower or mid chest the following week. With this type of confusion your muscles will grow much stronger and you will notice much more of an improvemen. Diet is just as big of a part of your health as exercising, that’s why it is so crucial to eat well balanced healthy meals. This requires knowing what you are eating; you can obtain this by the dietary label present on the back of the food when you buy it in the grocery store. As I have sad besides exercise food play very important role in living a longer life. The best way to start towards a healthy diet is to start consuming more natural whole foods, such as fruit, vegetables, bread, cereals, potatoes, and pastas. You have six different food groups one of which would be a good idea to eliminate completely from your diet, the sweets. The other five groups which you need to focus on are the dairy group, meat group, vegetable group, fruit group, and the bread group. It is a good idea to try and eat a little from each of these groups with each meal. Also keep in mind that you need to be paying attention to the amount of protein, fiber, salt, vitamins, and minerals in which you consume too. These are a little bit harder to keep track of and have always caused more confusion. Best way to exercise is keeping your body active few times a week. Here are some tips how to start exercise. Whenever you walk a lot, you are already good exercise. But for the heart, lungs and arteries, it is good to have a little vigorously, but less exercise than walking. I recommend aerobic exercise, exercise where we use a lot of oxygen. You need to start slowly, because if you have not practiced, 5, 10 or 20 years, then you are not fit. It takes you weeks and months of exercise to get back in shape. Exercise should last at least 30 minutes, and its better if it lasts 45minutes. You need to take a deep breathe, sweat and raise the heart rate above 120 ppm. Watch to became winder so that you can not pronounce any sentence between breaths. You will be able to exercise if strenuous and fast, so you can say only one word. And when its so, then slow down. A series of exercises is very good for our body. Choose the ones you like best. Swimming, running, aerobics, cycling, walking, skipping rope. Our body needs to be constantly on the move. The lungs and heart have to work and pump blood. We should exercise at least 3 times a week. When we workout it increases our metabolism (this is called BMR), and should remain so 48 hours. If we make a bigger break, metabolism decreases again. He must be maintained, so that we always have energy and be strong. Exercise is therefore recommended at least every other day. If bad weather is outside, we can practice and inside the house. Exercise is not only required to elderly and obese persons it is necessary for those who are still in development and those are children. Sport helps children not only to be healthy and growing well physically and mentally, but also to quickly and easily connect with other children. Being fit means being healthy. Moreover, if you in your child make the habit to play sports from an early age, you can prevent any problems that might occur during puberty. Children need to find what suits them and to play sports they love and what fulfilling their lives. It is essential that youngsters are motivated to practice some sport, they should never be compelled to it. A child may initially be difficult to get into the rhythm, but if kid in his parents have the support, commitment and security, everything will be fine. For childrens sport is especially the game and pastime. For parents, the satisfaction of seeing your child to enjoy, knowing that while exercising, and if it is working properly, it prevents many complications that can occur in old age, such as obesity and osteoporosis, and also that children can overcome any disease that have befallen them as small, such as asthma. Sport is beneficial to the development of bones and muscles and provides a good fit. In addition, sport bring benefits that are not tangible. Exercise gives children more confidence, increase their self-esteem and helps them to better fit in with others in the region. Its a lot of value that are transmitted through sports, for example, solidarity and collegiality, and the sport is the most fun for the kids therapy. Adapted physical activity can help a child with problems to better fit with the environment and to enjoy your body. More and more children spend their leisure time in sedentary activities such as watching television and playing video games. For everything there is enough time and sport should never be left on the sidelines. It is a physical activity that is invaluable. As we can see, exercise helps people in all aspects of their lives. in this day and age when people do not have enough time for themselves they can not enough exercise and are not active. Moder people are preoccupied with work and career, and so neglect their body. They do not have time to exercise which of course is harmful to their health. Those people are only seemingly happy because they subconscious know that such way of life is harfull to their body. They want to live a long and healthy but it can not be achieved if they continue to live like that. These people are trying to make as much as posible worout but the that exercise is taking place at gyms and various other enclosed spaces instead of going to nature and on fresh air because it is the only way to live a healthy and long life. Some say exercise is a kind of drugs that keep you healthy and energetic, which is on the one hand trye. I think that exercising is a mainstay in our lives and it is the only thing that keeps us healthy. Conclusion In my opinion the best reason to exercise is that its really fun! Most people think that exercising takes up a lot of time and it requires too much work. When people actually take the time to try exercising they realize its an enjoyable experience. It doesnt matter how you exercise, as long as you are being active. Everyone enjoys different sports or activities, so its important to figure out which is best for you. When you having fun you dont even realize that your exercising and you look forward to it everyday. Setting goals and rewards will help you stay motivated and consistent with exercising. There is no greater feeling than achieving a weight lose goal and being able to feel good about your body. In conclusion, exercising is the key to making your life healthier, longer, and happier. It is one of the most important things in life and its one hundred percent beneficial. Many people come up with plenty of excuses to not exercise; however, if you truly want to improve your mental and physical health you will find the energy and time to exercise. Everyone should take time out of their days to exercise, so they can improve their lives in many ways. So next time you are deciding whether or not to exercise just think of the benefits you will experience from it. It is extremely rewarding and worthwhile.

What Is The Point Of Studying International Relations Theoretically

Many tertiary education level institutions having international relations as part of their syllabuses for business students; some institutions have the unit as a whole study subject.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Point Of Studying International Relations Theoretically? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason what the subject has improved in relevance is after considering the prevailing business environment; contemporary business environment is dominated by international trade, globalisation, and international corporations. To produce competitive graduated, tertiary institutions has adopted the topic in their syllabuses. An international society can be explained to mean a group of autonomous states that have not only formed a system that ensures that the behaviour of each state is considered by others, but have also established a common dialogical agreement that ensures that the conduct of the me mbers is governed by common rules and institutions. The states also acknowledge their common roles in sustaining these arrangements. The concept of international society has four views of departure. First, the international society cannot be comprehended as anarchy. Secondly, international relations should not be conceptualized as simply a direct swapping of domestic phenomena regarding the government and order, instead, the main concern of the scholarly research should be on the idea of a society comprising independent states and the observation of order within it, based on unique instruments rather than domestic ones. This non-consideration of the domestic perspective enables one to appreciate a broader view of governance systems than those related to authority and enforcement that is based at one point. The third fundamental point is that looking at it in terms of the society does not mean that associations among the states are necessarily peaceful, and stable. The question is wh ether and to what limits the conflicts take place against the framework of common institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whether agreement on vital issues exists or not, it does not depend on the number or degree of these conflicts, but rather on what is fuelling these conflicts, and if they are occurring within the context of agreed regulations. Therefore, to concur with the aspect of a common structure of rules and social practices does not mean that conflicts and power do not play a major role in relations among many nations. Social practices are vital in the understanding of how the balance of power operates, and the dynamic nature of war. It is in this same vein that they help in understanding the morality or law that governs relationships among nations. Therefore, international society does not result, as is normally misconceived to a simple liberal aspect t hat is concerned with the enforcement of law and morality. The last view of departure was that a plausibly harmonious international society had historically originated from the classical European state system. The basic duty was therefore to comprehend the past aspects upon which the theory and practice of international order was based. The uniqueness of the contemporary international society is historically exceptional and can only be conceptualized through a collection of experience right from the Renaissance times. Getting these historical basics required that theorists of international society get to comprehend both order and cooperation, with respect to how legal and moral norms function. The international society rests on three components: power, common interests, and common values. Power is imperative in the institutions of the international society. These institutions entail the equilibrium of power, the duty of great powers, and the way in which this should be managed, as w ell as the organization of power. Actually, there is a crucial way in which the balance of power remains the most critical basis. Without it and without firm understanding between the great powers and on how they should conduct relations affecting them all, then the crucial components of international relations such as law, organizations and shared values will not be attainable. One of the most essential propositions about our contemporary experience of international relations is that, the ability of independent states to exist together implies the existence of a balanced aspect of power in the sense of the way power is spread so that no single state is more powerful than others are. Therefore, international order is a reflection of common interestsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is The Point Of Studying International Relations Theoretically? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More States show cooperation due to the fact that, despite differences in their values and controversies in their power relations, they are able to see the possibility of benefiting from forming a framework that enables them have a common ground in numerous aspects. The international society is defined by its shared regulations, norms, and institutions. In the contemporary international society, the aspect that sticks states together is the Westphalian ideology of independence, territorial integrity and the principle of non-intervention. In the international society, states acknowledge the common need to maintain these social arrangements. Moreover, the structure of an international society is of a hierarchical order, founded on western supremacy. For example, the unchanging position of Africa in the global division of labour since independence shows that the international society is of a hierarchical makeup What Do Neo-Realist Explanations Of International Politics Emphasise? From the standpoint of Neo-Realist, state s are the sole barriers of rights and responsibilities within a law that is governing many nations; however, states consent only on some low principles like common recognition of independence and non-intervention. They have different perspectives of justice, their cumulative desire for order results to the creation of some fundamental rules. The solidarity’s standpoint places a major emphasis on the implementation of international law. Since the international society ultimately comprises of individuals, a right and obligation to charitable involvement exists, that the pluralists will not be ready to admit. Engaged in the concept of international society, we find the appreciation that states have legal duties that are implementable. However, the use of force is justifiable by the international society, even though the connection has been in a frequent changing association to the moral and lawful order. The international society concept therefore unfolds an apprehension on this question. This, nevertheless, could be perceived as a fruitful system for dealing with interesting issues like humanitarian intervention.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bull criticizes solitaries and defends pluralism for two reasons. He claims solitaries create a sense of false solidarity that may undermine the international society instead of strengthening it. Second, is moral skepticism due to multiplicity of moral perspectives by various nations thus hard to find a common morality between nations as implied by the solidarism perspective. Later, Bull grew disillusioned with the pluralism because it failed to provide or bring order among nations hence could not provide order in the international or wider society. In purposive associations, states work together to enhance joint relations such as commerce and shared security while in practical associations, states are defined by shared rules. Whereas the latter is argued to carry obligations, the former has the authority and rules pegged on the resulting benefits; and the connection represented by norms can place a set of laws and obligations as binding as such. The practical association is in some way compatible with pluralism, but the purposive association requires the uniformity of its members that cannot be achieved or pleasant. Those who criticize this line of thought normally emphasize on the impartiality and totality that has to be attributed to the basic traditions of international society such as independence, non-interference and the European form of state. This perspective can further be demarcated in two different ways. First, being the connection between states and the actions they engage in together with persons who attempt to engage in politics with one another. Even though the state as a system can be conceptualized in its own terms, it is often intertwined with politics at some other points. Therefore, politics and morality that is people oriented create unique dynamics compared to politics that are within the state system. The politics within the state system does not only pose a threat to the organization international society, but also promises to provide a stronger political and social structure to the international society. What Does Marxism Say About The Consequences Of Globalisation Internationally According to Marxism a key element in globalization is growth and strengthening of international trade also referred to as world trade. This is facilitated by the elimination of barriers to trade such as tariffs. International trade is the exchange of goods, services or/and capital between different countries. It has been in existence many years ago although much of its significance has been recognized recently. It has continually strengthened economically, politically and socially with many countries participation. International trade plays a very important role in ensuring continuity of globalization. It has benefited nations with variety of options to choose from which they would not have accessed without it. Barriers exist which put restriction to international trade. These trade barriers are governmental policies, fiscal and physi cal barrier. The government may impose restrictions which burrs the importation or exportation of goods or services from certain countries. On the other hand there are trade regulations defined in different nations which restrict trade with specific goods and services. It may also open its borders to facilitate trade. A recent case is East Africa Community (E.A.C.) which started operation on July 1st 2010. It has five members, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda. Trade barriers take many forms including but not limited to import licenses, quotas, subsidies, tariffs and non tariffs barriers, and embargoes. Most of the trade barriers use the same principle; they impose some cost on trade so as to raise the prices of the goods in question. Why Is One Theory Of International Relations Insufficient First, a vivid comprehension of the contemporary international society requires a clear departure from some of the old concepts that blur its meaning. Secondly, in a situation where mo dern states find it difficult to coexist, they should learn to embrace common interests, power and shared values that should govern them. Thirdly, international conflict does not originate from international society if the latter has reciprocities mechanisms among its members, which glues them together. The international society should be strengthened to increase international cooperation which will help to protect the global environment and lead to increased security via alliances. The cooperation will also help to bring about international financial security and stability. More importantly, the international society should try and bring more states on board so that some states do not feel as the ‘other’ in the international arena. This can be done through tolerance and understanding of the different cultures because each state has its own unique culture and then the countries can cooperate on a larger scale. What Does The English School Believe Is Missing From Realist Accounts Of International Politics The English School Believe does not necessarily refer to chaos in this context, but rather, to the absence of world government or generally political authority above or amid nation states. Anarchy therefore simply connotes absence of a world government. Structural realists view anarchy in this vein as the core aspect of the international system; it is what differentiates local from international politics. Without the existence of a global government to implement international tranquillity, states dwell in a state of anxiety without there being dependence on each other for defence. They will tend to overestimate the security machinery of others and will tend to take initiatives to beef up their own security systems such as investing more in their military expenses. An example is the recent strain on U.S – Iran ties concerning the latter’s development of nuclear weaponry. This leads to a security dilemma where states attempts to buttre ss their security systems, raising tension among their counterparts who see their own defence thwarted by those attempts. They then respond by improving their own defense mechanisms. The outcome in accordance to the supporters of offensive realism is unavoidable conflict. Other theorists tend to dispute this by asserting that, a security dilemma is avoidable and that in the absence of a world government, states may deem it fit to embrace the advantages of mutual aid as much of as of conflict. Anarchy, explained in the context of lack of government may not mean total disorder. It is not very different from the existence of an international society that are autonomous and yet governed by shared regulations and institutions. Their existence is possible without there being any government to ensure that law and order has been adhered to. The existence of an international society with its own values and institutions influences the behaviour of states in the same way that the absence of a global government does. This raises doubt as to whether anarchy should be accorded the significance granted it by the realist theories. It is just among many other factors that affect behaviour of states. The international law operates within the anarchical order through a non-coercive order. Hedley Bull says that the function of the international law is to identify as the highest principle in the mankind political organization where the idea of sovereign state operates. It therefore means that the state is the main player in international law and consent is established via sources of law in accordance to the states responsibility towards the international society. The second function is stating the rules of coexistence which prescribe the treaty rules, when to use force and defines rules that relate to independence and sovereignty of states. Third, the international law helps to mobilize the states to compliance with the rules. This essay on What Is The Point Of Studying International Relations Theoretically? was written and submitted by user Sage Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Princess Olga of Kiev Also Known as Saint Olga

Princess Olga of Kiev Also Known as Saint Olga Princess Olga of Kiev, also known as St. Olga, is sometimes credited as founding, with her grandson Vladimir, what has come to be known as Russian Christianity (the Moscow Patriarchate within Eastern Orthodoxy). She was the ruler of Kiev as regent for her son, and she was the grandmother of St. Vladimir, great-grandmother of Saint Boris and Saint Gleb. She lived  about 890 - July 11, 969.  Dates for Olgas birth and marriage are far from certain.  The Primary Chronicle gives her birth date is 879. If her son was born in 942, that date is certainly suspect. She was also known as  St. Olga, Saint Olga, Saint Helen, Helga (Norse), Olga Piekrasa, Olga the Beauty, Elena Temicheva. Her baptismal name was Helen (Helene, Yelena, Elena). Origins Olgas origins are not known with certainty, but she may have come from Pskov. She was probably of Varangian (Scandinavian or Viking) heritage. Olga was married to Prince Igor I of Kiev in about 903. Igor was the son of Rurik, often seen as the founder of Russia as Rus. Igor became the ruler of Kiev, a state which included parts of what is now Russia, the Ukraine, Byelorussia, and Poland. A 944 treaty with the Greeks mentions both baptized and unbaptized Rus. Ruler When Igor was murdered in 945, Princess Olga assumed the regency for her son, Svyatoslav. Olga served as regent until her son was of age in 964.  She was known as a ruthless and effective ruler.  She resisted marrying Prince Mal of the Drevlians, who had been the killers of Igor, killing their emissaries and then burning their city in revenge for her husbands death. She resisted other offers of marriage and defended Kiev from attacks. Religion Olga turned to religion, and specifically, to Christianity.  She traveled to Constantinople in 957, where some sources say that she was baptized by the Patriarch Polyeuctus with Emperor Constantine VII as her godfather. She may have converted to Christianity, including being baptized, before her trip to Constantinople, perhaps in 945. There are no historical records of her baptism, so the controversy wont likely be settled. After Olga returned to Kiev, she was unsuccessful in converting her son or very many others. Bishops appointed by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto were expelled by Svyatoslavs allies, according to several early sources.  Her example, however, may have helped to influence her grandson, Vladimir I, who was the third son of Svyatoslav, and who brought Kiev (Rus) into the official Christian fold. Olga died, probably on July 11, 969. She is considered the first saint of the Russian Orthodox Church. Her relics were lost in the 18th century.

4 Ways to Balance Family and Online School

4 Ways to Balance Family and Online School Balancing school and family life can be a challenge, even for online learners. While many older adults choose to continue their education through the internet, they often find their study time interrupted by spouses and children who miss them and don’t understand the need for â€Å"alone time.† Here are a few suggestions for maintaining good relationships with those you love while studying online.   Set Some Ground Rules for All Parties Chances are you’ll need some peace and quiet to get your work done. Setting specific times and posting a schedule on your office door (or kitchen fridge) can be a great way to form a common understanding and keep resentments from forming. Let your family know when you’ll be available and when they shouldn’t disturb you. If you’re in an online chat meeting, for example, you may want to hang a â€Å"do not disturb† sign on the door. Let children know what instances are appropriate for interruption (a stuffed bear causing the toilet to overflow) and which are inappropriate (they have a sudden urge for ice cream). This street goes both ways, however, and you’ll also need to set some ground rules for yourself. Be available to your family during your off-hours and give them the attention they need. Let them know that they can trust you to be available when you say you will, and they’ll be more willing to wait. Dont Forget Play Time Online courses can get intense at times, particularly if you’re enrolled in more than one. But, don’t get so caught up that you forget to have fun. If need be, set aside a â€Å"family night† to play games or find entertainment with your children or a â€Å"date night† to spend a little quality time with your spouse. You’ll get much-needed relaxation and they’ll appreciate seeing you in a less stressful mood. Be An Example If you have school-aged children, use your own studies to set an example for how they can succeed in their own classes. Try setting aside a study time each afternoon when you study alongside your kids. Serve a nutritious snack (think smoothie and apples rather than green beans) and play relaxing music. Chances are they’ll mimic the study skills you model and their grades will benefit. Meanwhile, you’ll get a chance to complete your own studies while spending some time with your kids. It’s a win-win. Involve Your Family in Your Learning Don’t just slink away into the back room and come out, red-eyed and silent, after a few hours of intense studying. Let your family know you’re accomplishing something meaningful. If you discover something interesting, bring it up at the dinner table or discuss it while driving your kids to school. Let your spouse tag along on field trips to the art museum or city counsel. Chances are they’ll enjoy being involved in this part of your life and you’ll appreciate the chance to share it.

The Impact of Using Maps as Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Impact of Using Maps as Evidence - Assignment Example It has also been used to manage enforcement through making rational decisions on crime targets. Analysts through the geographical profiling have come up with theories of crime prevention. Research on profiled locations has shown that the work product has been successful and can also be presented as evidence in courts. In cases where evidence against a crime perpetrator is not enough, police enforcement argues that crime mapping should be used as evidence in legal procedures. However, crime mapping also has negative impacts that are used by critics to prevent it from being used as evidence in courts. Since crime mapping includes analysis and visualization of collected data, incorrect data and tendencies can provide misleading information (Chainey and Ratcliffe 2006). If this evidence is presented in court, it may lead to prosecution of innocent individuals. In addition, the trends and analysis should be analyzed using the right computer software and take into account all assumptions. Changes in demographic trends may lead to incorrect results. In some regions, the statistics may lead law enforcers to assume some of the areas that do not appear as crime weak spots in their maps. As a result, crime mapping analysts should take into account all negative impacts before letting their work product used in courts as

What kind of successful interventions for obesity prevention in school Research Paper

What kind of successful interventions for obesity prevention in school from 10 to 12 grades have been conducted in the United State - Research Paper Example Intervention programs aimed at obesity prevention for children and adolescents should be a national priority in order to have a healthy nation in future. There is considerable increase in health risk for children and adolescent who are obese or overweight as they are in danger of suffering from diseases such as, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, asthma and hypertension (Reilly et al., 2003). When children and adolescents with both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are compared, youth suffering from the later face increased health complications such as nephropathy and cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes (Eppens et al., 2006). Obesity also results in behavioral and mental issues for the affected children with studies indicating adolescents also experience psychological consequences such including low self-esteem and depression (Reilly et al., 2003). Obesity for children in 1st to 12 grades is a problem that is widespread as it cuts across all social, economic and racial classes. Based on the available data, obesity affects even children from the minority groups that include Native Americans, African-Americans as well as Hispanics in addition to low-income groups. According to Ogden, Carroll, Kit and Flegal (2012), the prevalence of obesity for children from African American (24 percent) and Hispanic backgrounds (21 percent) is higher compared to those from white ethnic background (14 percent). The problem of childhood obesity has led to concerted efforts by stakeholders in education and other welfare organizations to identify the childhood obesity causal factors, the consequence on overall wellbeing of the children as well as the necessary mechanisms to arrest the situation. The consequence of increased interest into the problem of obesity in children and adolescents attending 1st to 12 grades has led to the identification of several contributing factors that have been blamed for

Effects of Illegal immigration on Staffing Essay Example for Free

Effects of Illegal immigration on Staffing Essay Illegal immigration is the scenario where people travel from a different country and enter another country using false documents or means that and makes it hard for the authorities to trace those who do so. The level of illegal immigrants to developing countries like the USA has been increasing tremendously in the recent past causing increased debates about their causes and effects. The most outstanding effect of illegal immigration basically touches on cost of public service and labor thus forcing several states to enact policies that may ultimately in reducing the number of public services available to the immigrants. Their number of illegal immigrant to the US has been gradually increasing until it has made it hard for the authorities to ascertain exactly their numbers or their exact residences (Yoshida, 2000). Background A lot of inconsistencies exist between affluent and poor nations both in wages and employment opportunities and this is responsible for the mass influx of residents from poorer countries to wealthier countries like the US. This has resulted in the illegal immigration from the poorer developing and less developed countries causing the problem of labor importation to the host country. This research will focus and analyze the effects of illegal immigration on the income, labor, and the process of recruitment and selection of labor on the host country like the USA. It is also important to note that, a problem is created in the country of origin of the immigrants (Scullion Collings, 2006). The size of population in most poor countries usually exceeds the rate of employment and when this is coupled with political, ethnic and religious instabilities the rate of emigration is accelerated and this results in unending problems on the host country. Staffing is the process in which an organization acquires new and qualified employees to work in order to achieve their objectives and goals. This process entails among other steps replacement, recruitment and selection. Recruitment is usually done when jobs have been analyzed according to the tasks that have been performed and then writing them to suitable job descriptions. This requires the selectors to have basic knowledge on academic qualifications, skills and abilities of those to be selected and the undesired characteristics identified. When it comes to replacement of staff very critical questions are asked to the would-be employees with the help of expert consultants. It is necessary for the experts to handle the process professionally to ascertain the suitability of the job seekers (Dale, 2003). The most important sources of recruitment that may be used for global staffing include internal promotion and introductions, used of recruitment agencies and advertising especially the use of local and the international media. The firm that seeks to recruit individuals as their employees will always try their best to discrimination by race, sex among other forms and this will help in upholding their reputation. When they do this, they always ensure that the candidate they select meet all the requirements that qualifies them to be employed for the particular job that they seek. However, in the developed countries like the USA, there are a lot of illegal immigrants and this affects the recruitment and selection process to the extent that the concerned firm or company may have its reputation tainted. They will however be following what is required of them by the legislation since a country requires all people who work to pay taxes but in this case, the illegal immigrants will be a burden to the government since they do not pay any federal tax (Haines Rosenblum, 1999) Findings and Discussions It is apparently clear that illegal immigration has both positive and negative effects to the general economy and the process of staffing. It is important to note illegal immigration affects the country of origin and the country of destination but the effects are severe on both sides. In this research we are going to consider the United States as the country of destination and Mexico as the country of origin where people emigrate from. Statistics from the Pew Hispanic Center indicate that more than 50% of illegal immigrants in the U. S. originate from Mexico and they supply low-skilled labor to farmers and employers. It is clear that no formal steps and procedures of staffing are followed by the employers who higher the immigrants (Bean Vernez1989). The effects of this illegal immigration that were identified are as follows; burdens the tax-based resources, leads to shortage of labor in the country of origin, fake document mills, tax evasion, distortion of the law of demand and supply in a capitalistic market, drags down the compensation of workers welfare and negative effects on working and middle class citizens. The other effects of illegal immigrations that generally affect the economy and workers is the fact that it makes it hard for a country to raise the minimum wages, it makes the unscrupulous employers to pay alien in cash, increase in crime, overpopulation of the host nation, remittance of money to their country of origin, lack of government reimbursement and mortgage and loan fraud (Bean Vernez1989). It is however important to state that illegal immigration has some positive effects to the economy and includes; provision of cheap labor making harvesting in agriculture relatively cheap, increase of cash flow to retail business, increase in profits of auto insurers, creates a market pool for local foods produced, they purchase real estate, some of them may open bank accounts may make the bankers earn some revenue. Immigrants may also spur economic growth and provides better lifestyles to those enter the country illegally. It is noticeable therefore that illegal immigration has both negative and positive effects (Yoshida, 2000). This raises a very fundamental question whether those found as criminals for being in a country illegally with no valid documents should be judged considering the difficult times caused by the pressures of unemployment, lack of homes, poverty, disillusion, lack of education and low-paying jobs in their country of origin (Daugherty Kammeyer, 1995). As initially stated, illegal immigration causes shortage of labor in their home country because they prefer going to the developed countries. This will ultimately affect the economic growth of the country negatively because there is no labor force to drive the economy. Lack of labor will force the staffing agencies of those countries to lower the minimum job requirements so that they can be able to get the required employees to work for them. This lowers the credibility of the recruitment agencies and the human resource managers who are involved in global staffing. This may make a country to have poorly qualified staffs that do shoddy work and this will lead to poor performance of the economy and ultimate increase in poverty. Illegal immigration promotes brain drain; a situation where the best knowledgeable staff and educated move to other developed countries to look for ‘greener pastures’ for the careers. This will therefore affects the process of recruitment and selection in a negative way (Haines Rosenblum, 1999) Illegal immigration also has a direct effect on the tax-based resources due to the burden exerted by the illegal immigrant. In the United States, all people who work there are taxed by the federal government. Such money obtained as taxed are later used to improve other public facilities among them hospitals, schools among others. However, the government does not have clear-cut measures to ensure that those being treated in such hospitals or using other facilities are the true citizens. This will therefore lead to exerting too much pressure on the resources and may ultimately lead to provision of poor quality services to the genuine citizens. This may have a negative impact of on the labor productivity and the morale of the workers. When this happens, the work done by the citizens may not be well done basically because their esteem has been undermined. This will later make staffing encounter a lot of difficulties in trying to identify the best employees to be promoted since this is always done on the basis of customer performance. The affected organizations or firms may have to use other terms and methods to carry out various staffing processes and this will obviously taint the reputation of the recruitment agency since staffing ethics may not have been properly followed (Daugherty Kammeyer, 1995). This clearly indicates that illegal immigration by straining the resources has a direct impact on the performance of worker. It is clear that illegal immigration leads to an influx of workers to the country of destination like the United States. This will lead to a greater supply of jobs in the market more than it can be absorbed or taken in by the recruitment agencies who work on behalf of companies who are in need of employees. This will lead to the distortion of the law of demand and supply for labor in the market. This may happen in two ways: the first scenario is a situation where the immigrants provide cheap labor for whoever needs it. It is obviously certain that some firms and companies may lay off the workers in preference of the cheap labor in the market. By doing so, they will not have followed any ethics that entails the staffing procedures. The act of dismissing qualified workers with preference of employing those with lower qualifications does not entail any staffing ethics. This shows therefore how illegal immigration may negatively affect the process of recruitment and selection (LeMay, 2007). The other way in which the law of supply and supply is distorted happens especially when more qualified workers immigrate illegally to a country. This will force companies or firms to lay off its workers in preference of the more qualified workers. This automatically makes the companies to lower the minimum wage so as to indirectly discourage workers and some will later resign thus creating opportunities for the cheap labor. When they resign, employment opportunities are created and the human resource managers will rush for the cheap labor. When they do so, they staffers and recruitment agencies may not necessarily follow the correct staffing or recruitment procedures and in the long run, may negatively affect the reputation of global human resource and the entire process of staffing. This indicates that illegal immigration is a vice that must be avoided and checked at all cost (Adler Gielen, 2003). The United States has registered an increased crime in the border between it and Mexico due to a lot of immigrant who enter the two neighboring states. In most of those who enter illegally believe that New Mexico is part of Mexico itself and some even engage in cross-border crime and drug-trafficking as they try to enter the United States. Any crime and a rise of the same will obviously affect adversely the productivity of the citizens who have previously been enjoying the serenity of the working environment. It is important to note that the whole process of staffing is not done over-night. Some processes like promotion and selection may require the monitoring of the employee performance over a certain period of time. It may therefore happen that the period to review the employee performance was when there was rampant crime within the place of work or within the vicinity. The performance the employee at that time will obviously be poor and should any of the process of staffing be mandatory then the rules and regulation of such a process may not have to be necessarily followed. This therefore directly points out that the process of staffing is affected by illegal immigration due to the creation of crime (Haines Rosenblum, 1999). The existence of illegal immigrants in an economy makes it hard for the U. S government to raise the minimum wage required of any worker. It has been noted that the illegal immigrants on most occasions engage in menial jobs like maids and nannies where most Americans are not ready to offer their services. A further complicated scenario is when they work in industries and paid cheaply payment for the services rendered. In the event that the genuine residents of the United States demand any increase in their minimum wage, it would be rhetoric to do so because some cheap labor is available within the same market. Since this is part of the staffing process, such happenings may put staffers in a tight spot because those who would want to increase their revenue earnings will not at any time do so. They will therefore have failed to perform their duties of genuine staffing procedures and this may encourage development of bogus recruitment agencies that may not really care about the ethics of staffing. This will therefore affect the process of staffing negatively and this may further affect the performance of workers and a further effect on the entire human resource (Dale, 2003). Illegal immigration may lead to emergence of unscrupulous employers who may not pay them well. Since the immigrants are consciously aware of their crime of being illegally in the country, they virtually have no voice to press for compensation of damages due to injuries met at work. This is because of the fear that they may be traced, tracked and taken back to their country of origin. The workers are therefore left to perish with their own perils since their employers only want to profit themselves out of cheap labor. The workers in this case are not able to claim any compensation that may arise due to the tasks or work that they do. When such things happen, it is not usually part of staffing or human resource to deny the workers what is genuinely theirs and this may greatly affect the reputation of the staffing companies who may have been involved in the process of selection of the workers in question. This may further affect the compensation of other workers and the eventual work performance (LeMay, 2007). It is important to note that, workers are entitled to join workers and trade unions which may in turn help them in solving problems or issues that arise as it concerns their work. However, it is necessary to understand that workers are able to join such unions when they earn a certain minimum wage which may not be practically possible owing the fact that the illegal immigrants are in abundance and law of demand dictates that they be paid less so that the entire pool of workers may be absorbed. This therefore raises a problem of lack of enough voice to articulate for their rights and this affects even the genuine residents of a country. This is because their will be a seemingly large number of workers but when it comes to those who are dully represented a problem arises. This will therefore be negatively affecting the performance of the genuine immigrants and may influence the way their employers handle them. Any friction that may arise between the employer and employee may affect the work performance and any handling that does not favor the welfare of the worker will be unethical and against the basic expectations from a human resource manager. This will ultimately affect the process of staffing on one way or another (OECD, 2000). Illegal immigrants have their own problems in their home country and there is a possibility that they may transfer such problems to the host country. Such problems may include contagious diseases, overpopulation leading to traffic jam and infection of the genuine residents of a country. This will affect the productivity of workers and this may force the human resource managers to hire other workers to replace those who have fallen sick from infection. As it is usual, the process of recruitment and selection is always carried out after stipulated period of time by the human resource managers and not any arbitrary time. It therefore means that the affected company may be forced to re-adjust their schedule so as to replace the sick employees. it is apparently clear that during such time, the companies are desperately in need of quick labor force to replace the on that is missing (Adler Gielen, 2003). As they do this, it would be absurd to think that the process of recruitment and selection is properly followed and this affects the overall process of staffing. The negative effects of illegal immigration can not really be exhaustibly discussed. The other effect includes emergence of individuals who undertake the crime of providing illegal document (visas) to the illegal immigrants. Such people may end up providing documents to illegal immigrants who end up being terrorists who carry out attacks to the harmless citizens. Such attacks like that of 9/11 were carried by illegal immigrants and this has greatly affected the job market in different ways. First is the fact that it has led to the victimization of people of a particular race or origin. Such people may be subjected to unnecessary scrutiny by the authorities thus discouraging them from searching for jobs in the U. S market (Seltser, et al 1998). This may be an additional task to the recruitment agencies that carry out recruitment and selection of employees and may not be part of what they are supposed to do. This will ultimately affect the quality of staffing processes undertaken by global human resource managers who may be dictated to follow recruitment procedures that does not correlate with the staffing ethics. It therefore links illegal immigration, terrorism and staffing (Djajic, 2001). The second effect of terrorism linked to illegal immigration is that, the nation may end up losing personnel and expatriates needed to drive the economy. This usually happens when the country become too obsessed in fighting terrorism. People may also flee from a country for fear of further terrorist attacks and this will reduce the number of qualified employees that are needed. This may force the global human resource managers to lower the qualifications of the needed job so as to acquire the necessary people required to run the economy. This will ultimately distort the common professional techniques of carrying out interviewing and appraising of candidates which is essential for any recruitment process. It will render it hard to get the best people with the correct mental capabilities, motivation and prospective potentials. The other problem that arises due to illegal immigration is tax evasion and loan and mortgage default. This is because the immigrants do not have identification documents that may help in tracing them and eventual lose the money and also tax. The effect does not end there because those employees of the bank may lose their jobs or incur loses themselves since it is assumed that they should have taken thorough vetting of customers before releasing any funds to them. If this happens it may indicate recruitment process may not have been sufficiently done to acquire the best employees who cannot fall for the fraudsters or the defaulters in this particular case. This may require the organization, bank affected to recheck their methods of recruitment and selection in the future. It may also result in the loss of credibility of the recruitment agency that may have been used by the bank to acquire its employees. This will therefore influence the overall mode of staffing (LeMay, 2007). Despite the negatives results of illegal immigration however, there are positive aspects of the illegal immigration to the economy. The most obvious one is the provision of cheap labor to the industries and agriculture. Most immigrants who come from poor countries do menial jobs like maids, cultivating for the flowers and other jobs that residents of the United States may see it necessary for them to do so. This labor when also provided in farms is relatively cheaper than that of the qualified people who reside in that country. This will ultimately minimize the cost of production an ultimately raises the profits margins of the company or the farmer thus influencing growth positively (OECD, 2000). In relation to staffing, it will be realized that no formal recruitment is done when acquiring such form of cheap labor. This therefore shows that, illegal immigration has the positive effect of reducing the cost of recruitment and selection. This will reduce the cost of production and an overall rise in the revenue of the employer. As has been stated earlier, most of the illegal immigrants who are employed prefer cash payment for their work that they have done than the use of credit cards. This is simply because they want to avoid being tracked since it is very possible with the use of credit cards. The cash payment will increase cash flow in the retail business because they will make most of their purchases there. Increase in cash flow will mean that the business in question has made larger amount of sales and it leads to greater revenues and profits. The firm that has made profits may think of expanding its premises and this creates employment opportunities to other people who have skills in the market. The issue of staffing arises here since recruitment agencies may be called in to carry out the exercise and will be required to do so with diligence as to ensure that the best employees are chosen and that they will be able to serve in a better manner that will enhance the profitability and service delivery. It is clearly indicated that cash paid to the illegal immigrants directly or indirectly influence the employment opportunities for other workers in the economy (Djajic, 2001). Immigrants who move to another country though illegally provide a larger market for the locally produced goods. This is because their living standards will improve compared to their home country. This will obviously spur economic growth of the entire nation with increase in the level of growth. This includes creation of a variety of job opportunities to all the people in that country. A further positive aspect that illegal immigration may bring is the purchase of real estate by the immigrants. They may also buy vehicles and this will enhance the growth of the insurance industry. Growth will obviously include the increase in the number of workers in the industry in question and this will influence staffing just as discussed in the cases studied initially. Illegal immigration is a complex issue but we cannot assume that it has no solution (Brings, 1984). The government of the United States and that of Mexico should start by imposing hefty fines to those found in the crime of illegal immigration and the money that is collected should be used to implement efficient security at the border. When this is done, those planning to do so will be discouraged because they will obviously not be able to pay and the only option they will have are to use genuine means to gain entry to the United States. We should not always assume that is cheap but rather have this in mind that it is a source of problems that are very harsh to the economy. Most immigrants in Mexico come over illegally or from other countries in search for jobs in the United States and they prefer the low pay in the United States than a relatively well paying job in their country of origin like Mexico (Seltser, et al 1998). Conclusion The process of staffing constitutes recruitment and selection of the best qualified personnel with the use of the best ethics in acquisition of employees. This is usually done by global human resource managers or recruitment agencies on behalf of companies or individuals and it is their duty to ensure that the best recruitment procedures are followed so as to obtain the qualified personnel (Scullion Collings, 2006). However, illegal immigration has brought in a lot of problems that affect the quality of the recruitment procedures. As it has been seen in this research, illegal immigration may affect the process of staffing in several ways chief among them, shortage of labor in the country of origin, increase in crime that lead to lowered self esteem of the workers, and distortion of the law of demand and supply. In addition to this there is a further use of public facilities like hospitals and schools in excess of what they may be able to do so. This results in influencing the attitude of workers towards work. It has also been reported that there is increased crime, smuggling of goods and drug trafficking between the border of Mexico and the United States (Lee, 1996). It is however important to not that that illegal immigration has some positive effects and this may include the provision of cheap labor to companies and individuals by lowering the operational cost thus enhancing the market revenue. The laborers also provide ready market for the very local goods that may have otherwise have been wasted and this will influence labor supply in one way or the other. Anything that influences labor supply also influences how and when the recruitment and selection process is carried out (Brings, 1984). Furthermore, it determines how best the ethics have been executed since the greater the degree of ethics that been followed the better the staffing procedures and one is sure to get the best qualified employee out of the others. It is apparently clear that the past history of illegal immigration has been pronounced and has affected the process of economic growth in one way or the other in the United States and Mexico. The effects extend up to affecting the quality of labor in the market and unequal economic growth between the two countries. It is necessary therefore for the leaders of the nations affected to put up measures that will end up this vice once and for all. Illegal immigration is also rampant in Europe evidenced by the number of ships originating from Africa but are regularly arrested though some are unfortunately drowned in the event that they meet strong waves and tides of the sea. This problem can be solved by ensuring that the mother nations have improved economy so that its citizens may not see the need to immigrate to other well developed countries (Seltser, et al 1998). References: Adler, L. L. Gielen, U. P (2003). Migration: Immigration and Emigration in International Perspective. Greenwood Publishing Group. Bean, F. D Vernez, G. (1989). Opening and Closing the Doors: Evaluating Immigration Reform and Control. The Urban Insitute Publishers. Brings, V. M (1984). Immigration Policy and the American Labor Force. Johns Hopkins University Press Dale, M. (2003). Managers guide to recruitment and selection. Kogan Page Publishers. Djajic, S. (2001). International Migration: Trends, Policy and Economic Impact. New York. Routledge Publishers Daugherty, H. G Kammeyer, K. C. W (1995). An Introduction to Population Guilford Press. Haines, D. W Rosenblum, K. E (1999). Illegal Immigration In America: A Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group.. Lee, R. D (1996). Local Fiscal Effects of Illegal Immigration: Report of a Workshop Compass Series. National Academies Publishers. LeMay, M. C (2007). Illegal Immigration: A Reference Handbook Contemporary World Issues. ABC-CLIO Publishers. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2000). Combating the Illegal Employment of Foreign Workers: International Migration. National Academies Publishers. Seltser, B. J. , Rezmovic, E. L. Stolz, B. A (1998). Illegal Immigration: Southwest Border. DIANE Publishing Scullion, H. Collings, D. G. (2006). Global Staffing. New York. Routledge Publishers. Yoshida, C. (2000). Illegal Immigration and Economic Welfare. Springer. .

Change Management Essay -- Work Technology Papers

Change Management Change is not something to be taken lightly. "This issue of change is one of the greatest challenges in the workplace today" (Fralix, P., 1998). One of the pitfalls of change within an organization is employees' fear of what change will bring. Will implementing new technologies destroy my job? Will I be able to keep up with the changes in my organization? These are some of the questions that bring about employee apprehension to changes in business. This very apprehension can determine the success or the failure of change within that system. Yet change is inevitable. Much like the Darwinian theory of survival, the company that can adapt with changes in emerging technologies will survive in today's society. So how does a company adapt to changes? The company employs change management strategies in their business. What is Change Management? Why is it important for Instructional Technologists to use change management when introducing new innovations to the organization? In this paper I w ill define change management, discuss some positive strategies to change management. I will also point out why it is important for Instructional Technologists to use positive change management strategies. Change Management Changes, that makes the strain. Changes†¦ David Bowe What is Change Management? In the EBSCO Business Search there were one hundred and eighty three articles on this very topic. Obviously this is a hot topic in Management and Business journals, yet only one article offered a definition of what change management is. In the article, "Global trends in Managing Change" Lisa Kudray and Brian Kleiner offer this definition, Change Management is defined as the continuous process of aligning an organi... ...r) Top-down leadership critical to change issue. Triangle Business Journal, (14) 2, 21. Retrieved October 28, 1999 from EBSCO business search on Galileo: http://www.galileo.gsu.edu Goldwasser, C. & Schneider D. ( 1998, March). Be a model leader of change. Management Review, (87) 3 , 41-46.. Retrieved October 28, 1999 from EBSCO business search on Galileo: http://www.galileo.gsu.edu Hofman, D. & Orlikowski, W. ( 1997, Winter). An improvisational model for change Management: The case of GroupWare technologies. Sloan Management Review,(38) 2 , 11-22. Retrieved October 28, 1999 from EBSCO business search on Galileo: http://www.galileo.gsu.edu Kleiner, B. & Kudray, L (1997, May/June). Global trends in managing change. Industrial Management, (39) 3, 18-21. Retrieved October 28, 1999 from EBSCO business search on Galileo: http://www.galileo.gsu.edu

Auditing Stages

The aim of this discussion is to explain how an auditor goes about the process of auditing financial statements and presents the five basic stages that the auditor performed during the financial statement audit at Maryward Primary School in Kwekwe for the year ending 31 December 2012. In order to be in a position to fulfil auditing responsibility to report on the client’s annual financial statements, the auditor followed a series of procedures and activities as required by the auditing profession.The auditor applied the following audit stages: pre-engagement activities, planning, test of controls, substantive procedures, completion and reporting. Puttick et al (2012:102) defines an audit according to Section 1 of APA as †¦the examination of, in accordance with prescribed or applicable auditing standards: a) financial statements with the objective of expressing an opinion as to their fairness or compliance with the identified financial reporting framework and any statutory requirements.Pre-engagement activities There are five pre-engagement activities and considerations. The auditor at this stage performed a new client investigation in order to accept the new appointment as a way of managing conflicts and threats to the auditor. Assessments of any threats to the independence of the auditor was done as an audit engagement should not be accepted where the auditor‘s independence is compromised.The other assessment done was the business risk faced in order to avoid the risk of association with a client whose integrity is questionable and particularly where motivation exists to misstate disclosures in financial information or indulge in illegal business and fraudulent reporting practices as it likely to render the auditor’s business risk unacceptable. The factors considered during the investigation included business reputation of Maryward Primary School. An assessment of the complication of the audit assignment and the estimated time, require d to finish the work was done.An engagement letter was prepared to provide the clearest record of the terms of the engagement. ISA 210 provides the contents of an engagement letter to be sent to the client to help prevent misunderstandings with respect to the engagement. Also, SAS 140 requires that an auditor should agree with the client the terms of the engagement to be undertaken and the terms should be written therefore the letter of engagement will be required whenever a new auditor appointment is accepted.The main constituent features of a typical letter of engagement are: responsibility of directors and auditors, the scope of the audit, other services, fees, Applicable law (Zimbabwe) and agreement of terms. The auditor accepted the engagement for the audit of the financial statements after the conclusion that the reporting framework was acceptable. There was an agreement between the auditor and Maryward Primary School, both parties agreed to meet when changes arise and when th e auditor considers the appropriateness of the matter to do so.In preparation for the audit, the auditor had a tour to Maryward Primary School after the opening meeting with the client. Russell (2012:69) states that â€Å"a tour of the area to be audited is permissible and often times highly desirable. An auditor may tour this area as part of a pre-audit visit to review documents before or after the opening meeting. † Travel plans were made and a team of three people was identified and sent to the audit area. PlanningAccording to Puttick et al (2012) the auditor first considers materiality at the planning stage of the audit. The auditor made a judgement of materiality in order to plan the audit in such a way that sufficient evidence is gathered to draw up a conclusion. Planning materiality was based on the end of year financial statements and budgets. According to Millichamp (2002) materiality is material if its omission/misstatement could influence the economic decisions tak en on the basis of the financial statements.The auditor also considered inherent risk as it has a direct impact on the nature, timing and extent of procedures the auditor plans to perform to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence in response to the assessed risk of material misstatement. â€Å"Inherent risk† as per ISA 400 is â€Å" the susceptibility of an account balance or class of transactions to misstatements that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements in other balances or classes, assuming that there are no related internal controls†.The auditor assessed audit risk and inherent risk as it is an essential part of audit planning to help in determining the quality and quantity of evidence gathered and the staff that needed to be assigned to the particular audit. The auditor also obtained an understanding of the business and its environment in order to assess the risk of material misstatement. ISA 310 requires a reasonable underst anding of the client’s business and industry. The nature of the client’s business and industry affects the client business risk and the risk of material misstatements in the financial statements.The auditor used the knowledge of these risks to determine the appropriate amount of audit evidence gathered. The auditor through experience is aware of the exposure to problems resulting from the auditor’s failure to understand comprehensively the nature of transactions in the client’s business. The understanding helped the auditor to evaluate the design and implementation of specific controls that could stop or discover and rectify material misstatements at the assertions level. Control risk is the probability that the client’s internal control system will fail to notice material misstatements.Audit risk is the risk that the auditor will unknowingly express inappropriate opinion on the financial statements. Inherent and control risk are the businessâ€⠄¢s risks that exist independently of the audit of financial statements, whereas detection risk is a function of the effectiveness of an audit procedure and its application by the auditor. Puttick et al (2012) quotes the ISA 200 definition of detection risk: â€Å"detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a misstatement that exists in an assertion that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements†.The auditor inquired into the detailed working papers, inspected legal documents and minutes of meetings of the accounting system and its related controls from the management and personnel of the client. A description of the system was recorded and confirmed that the record is an accurate description of the system and a preliminary evaluation of the internal controls was made. Audit planning involves developing an overall strategy for performing the audit.ISA 300 â€Å"audit strategy† describes in simple terms how audit is to be carr ied out and the â€Å"audit plan† details the exact procedures to be carried out to implement the strategy and complete the audit. During planning the auditor established an understanding with the client as to the nature of services to be provided and the responsibilities of each party through the engagement letter. The auditor developed an overall audit strategy, an audit plan and audit program and documented in the working papers each significant business cycle that is, revenue, expenditure, fixed assets, payroll and accounting.Planning continued throughout the entire audit as the auditor accumulated sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the audit opinion. Performing tests of control and Substantive procedures One of the most important of all the audit stages is the process of testing the internal controls. The aim of tests controls is to obtain evidence that controls on which audit reliance is intended, worked out throughout the period of the financial year unde r audit. The tests of controls indicated that internal controls are operating effectively; the planned audit approach was not to be changed.These processes and procedures were used to ensure that proper approvals are in place before payment is made or transactions entered in the system. The auditor used the primary method of internal control testing to randomly select transactions and checked the source documentation. The random selection from a representative sample revealed that controls are strong, so there was no point for increasing the sample size. A substantive procedure is the actual process of collecting physical evidence of transactions and verifying the value posted to a specific account is supported by actual documents.This aspect of the audit is the most time consuming and is very detailed work. Gray (2008) propounds that at this stage conclusion made by the auditor must be supported by in each case by carefully evaluated evidence that the transactions are completely an d accurately recorded. As auditors cannot rely completely on management assertion of completeness, the search for unrecorded expenses and liabilities was designed to yield audit evidence of liabilities that were not recorded in the reporting period. A material error or fraud in the inventory has a pervasive effect on the financial statement.Auditing standards requires that the auditor should observe the inventory taking and make test control. Physical inventory at year end was counted when the auditor was present to observe and perform the dual direction testing to gather evidence for the existence and completeness assertions. This involved the performance of substantive procedures the nature, timing and extent of which responded appropriately to the assessed risk of misstatement at the assertions level to achieve a level of detection risk that will result in an acceptable level of audit risk relating to assertions within financial statements.Evaluating and concluding The final stag e of auditing process involves evaluating and drawing conclusions on the fair presentation of the financial information and the drafting of the audit report. During this stage the auditor considers the sufficiency of the evidence gathered in support of financial statement assertions. Assertions are the representations of management that are represented in financial statements, for, example, that fixed assets reflected in financial statements exist and are owned by the entity and are fairly valued.ISA 500R: identifies assertions under three categories namely: assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period under audit, assertions about account balances at the period end and assertions about presentation and disclosure. The auditor decided on the fair presentation of assertions and evaluated the differences between amounts included in the financial information and amounts supported by audit evidence.The audit differences represent uncorrected material misstatements in the financial statements. The auditor evaluated the effect of uncorrected material misstatements on the audit and the effect of uncorrected misstatements on the financial statements and tested whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. The auditor evaluated the effect of such misstatements on audit opinion. For this purpose, the auditor established a final estimate of materiality.After consideration of all evidence, the auditor concluded that financial statements were not significantly materially misstated and management was not requested to make appropriate adjustments. The completion stage of the audit is the final stage during which the engagement team and partner responsible for the audit perform finishing procedures, evaluate the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence gathered during the audit and findings in respect of significant risks identified, including fraud risk, in order to form the audit opinion on financial statements .During completion procedures, the auditor reviewed the financial statements on an overall basis performing a final analytical review on period end financial information. The reading of supplementary and other relevant information and resolution of the impact of any significant matters arising were considered. Update inquiries on specific aspects for example, fraud, laws, regulations and evaluation of the results of audit procedures for all significant findings. Written representations from management acknowledging its esponsibility for the design and implementation of internal controls to prevent and detect error were obtained. Reporting The last stage of the audit is finalization. This is the creation of a report to management that summarizes all the procedures used to conduct the audit, the result of the various processes, and supporting documentation. Gray (2008) states that â€Å"at this stage the auditor summarizes evidence on systems and other aspects seen to be of interest to management and sends a formal report of comments and recommendations†.After completion of fieldwork and analysis the auditor presented the first draft of findings and recommendations to the client during the exit meeting. Paragraphs 27, 32, and 35b of ISA 700 indicate that the description in the auditor’s report can refer either to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements or the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view.True in the sense that the auditor’s information given was factual and conforms to reality and not false, in addition the information conforms to the required standards and law and that the accounts of Maryward Primary School had been correctly extracted from the books and records. Fair in the sense that information given is free from discrimination and bias and in compliance with the expected standards and rules and that the accounts of the client reflect the substance of the business’s underlying transactions.

Supersize Me Paper

Madison Montz Health Psych Super Size Me Reaction Paper It is no secret that our nation is becoming more and more obese. So what is causing the widespread issue of obesity? Well, there are a variety and combination of reasons such as overeating, lack of exercise, fast food, processed food, dieting, genetics, and sedentary lifestyles. Morgan Spurlock decided to tackle one aspect of this problem with his idea of examining McDonalds. He followed three rules as during this journey: he could only eat what was available over the counter, including water, no super sizing unless it was offered, and he had to eat and try every item at least once. Before Spurlock began his McDonalds diet, he went to numerous doctors and nutritionists and everyone told him that he was in shape and in good health. In 30 days, Spurlock consumed as much McDonalds as most nutritionists would advise someone to have in 8 years! He revealed to the public the truth about fast food. Something many already knew, but found it easier to avoid the fattening truth. I was very surprised, not to mention grossed out, to learn that about 95% of the commercials that children see are for foods filled with sugars and fats. Children are bombarded with images of fast food by media advertising. Most Americans understand the marketing strategy of McDonalds: to appeal to the young. That is why they have a clown for a mascot, Happy Meals which include children’s toys, and just about every location has a â€Å"play zone† for kids. The food is fast, comparatively cheap, and hot, which makes it a convenient dinner-choice for parents, especially after a long day. So who is to blame: kids, parents, or the business? In my opinion, it is 100% the parents’ responsibility to see that their children eat well and get adequate nutrition. Children do not have the knowledge, understanding, or maturity to choose what’s healthy to eat; of course they’re going to want food that tastes yummy and appeals to them! Businesses have one main goal in mind: to make money. In fast food, that often equates to using cheap ingredients and doing what it takes to make it taste good so that it is marketable. No business is holding a gun to parents’ (or children’s) heads, forcing them to buy their product. It is the sole responsibility of the parent, who has the knowledge and the maturity, to decide what is healthiest for their child to eat. Fast food companies have even come out with healthier side and drink options for children; instead of French fries, they can have apple slices and instead of shakes or sodas, they can have milk. The parents are the ones ordering the meals and paying for them (with their wallets and their health)! This movie sends the message that eating at McDonalds is a clear and present danger. Super Size Me not only examined the damage a fast food diet is capable of doing to a person, but it shows it visually. I learned that even the McDonalds foods that would be considered healthy, including the yogurt with granola, have more fat than a chocolate or caramel sundae, and even the ketchups are tomato concentrates filled with sugars! Therefore, customers need to closely examine the content of items served at McDonalds and beware of super sizing. I think it is easy to point the finger instead of taking responsibility for oneself and what individuals put into their bodies. In conclusion, Spurlock became addicted to this diet. Food can be much like a drug that the body gets used to. He found that eventually this food pumped him up when he was feeling depressed. That is why people keep coming back to fast food and why Americans are overweight. Junk food is addictive. I believe that overweight people should empower themselves by realizing the solution is simple: by eating healthier, smaller portions and moving more, you will feel better and have more energy! I think McDonalds faces a similar issue that the tobacco companies deal with: people try to sue them for selling them a product that harmed their health, even though the people buying the product knew the dangers but went ahead and did it anyways. It all gets traced back to responsibility. We live in America, the country of the free, and we all make the conscious choice, daily, as to what we’re going to eat that day. Bottom of Form

buy custom Operations and Technology Management essay

buy custom Operations and Technology Management essay Slack et al. (2008, p. 2) assert that operations and process management is the action taken to manage the processes and resources that produce services and products. Organizations have an operations function since they produce some kind of services or products. Processes are managed through different approaches using any of the four operation Vs: variety, visibility, volume and variation, as related to the various services and products produced by a business organization. High visibility/variation/variety/volume procedures and processes require management in a distinct way, making use of different people and technology to design and develop a different approach to low volume procedures. Operations strategy is the outline of actions and decisions that shape the lasting objectives, vision and abilities of the operation and its part to the general business strategy. This essay discusses how the effective management of operations contributes to a competitive advantage in Ericsson Company . Ericsson is a company from Sweden that takes part in the telecommunication industry. Its operations also involve data communication systems and the management of similar services related to telecommunication. In the recent past, operations in the telecommunication industry have become a basis of competitive advantage. Telecommunication industry operators are in search of performance objectives like speed, cost, flexibility, quality, and dependability. With the ever-increasing significance of operation, the telecommunication operators have begun looking for external suppliers to beef up their operations. Ericsson Company realized this dynamic trend and set up their managed service department which offers operation structure and human resources to Telco operators (Meurling and Jeans 2000). The DU is a telecom operator based in Dubai and outsourcing its business to Ericsson. DU operates in the following levels. Firstly, there is a front-level operation team that monitors the entire network. Secondly, there is an operation team at the next level for managing the problem of the network and complaints from the customers. This level works with a close link to the business and marketing. The third level constitutes the managemet team for dealing with and scheduling any changes. The fourth level constitutes a team that deals with the performance of the network. Through this, Ericsson has brought about a significant difference and, following the outsourcing of DU, has earned a lot of profit and revenue in the Middle East region. This is very reflective of the manner in which operation has contributed in this success. After Ericsson took up managed operations and services, there were quite a number of issues that were realized in the network. Thus, the first step was to address these matters. Next, Ericsson adjusted to best practices through modification of the operation process and tools. Automated scripts were developed in 2010 to establish proactive measures of monitoring the network and yield statistics of evaluating the market based on promotions for marketing to study trends. Likewise, the planning team applied these statistics to make plans concerning the network. The operations of Ericsson have set up the in-house MSTOP tool founded on globally used Enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM). The tool can be used for processes founded on the 4Vs, interaction amidst various teams in the operation, service level accords, promoting quality, performance and speed within a given time period and finally in an escalation path. With the application of Slack et al. (2008) operation management procedures, the operation for DU by Ericsson is changing from the third stage to the fourth stage. It is not completely at the fourth stage, but is taking up the fourth stage. In connection with both the internal and external end-use and the first stage, most of the issues concerning the external customer are addressed in the communicated time which amounts to customers that are satisfied. In addition, usual meetings with internal customer are being conducted to enhance performance. Likewise, the operation team has gone beyond reactive measures to taking up proactive approaches. All the same, there are a number of conflicts which get extended due to matters between departments. In the second stage, considering operation practice on external neutrality, Ericsson establishes best business and operation practices. Ericsson has esstablished MSTOP found on eTOM toll that uses best practices based on performance monitoring. Changes in the network and their management, the preparation of all processes are aligned with the strategy of the business. This increases the strategic impact and capabilities of operation. Such best business practices have offered a clear advantage to the DU over its competitor, Etisalat, and at the same time gained above 40 per cent of the share in the market, which shows that the best practice is more valuable than the competitors. All the same, operation is not taking up responsibility for restructuring expectation and competencies of the entire supply network (Meurling and Jeans 2000). Connections with competitive strategy and the third stage about the nature of being internally supportive is another level of operation. Quality is an important aspect to DU. The target by the top management is to increase the rate of retention and at the same time decrease the rate of churn. The churn rate is the rate at which the customer of DU leaves DU. Operations are paramount in this sense. The complaints of the customers are thoroughly addressed. The satisfaction of the customer is comparable to the speed through which the operations team will provide a solution. An effort was made in minimizing timelines for solving these issues, evaluation of the changes in the network and the implementation of the changes that add quality value to the network. Thus, those endeavors have made operation helpful to the business internal operation and strategy, while feasibly shaping the competitive strategy. There is also a notable innovation in the operation at the fourth stage which is also externally supportive. Operation in DU takes up a proactive form. The promotions are very significant to the competitive strategy. The proactive plan in 2010 clearly showed an innovative and proactive operation. However, operation is still not involved fully in changing entirely the rules of the game and, even though operation is very important for the competitive strategy, it does not make it. All the same, effective management of operations contributes to a competitive advantage in Ericsson Company. Buy custom Operations and Technology Management essay